A combination of diabetic foot exercise and foot massage on ankle brachial index on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Arif Ramadhan
ariframadhan011@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): 2020 Volume - 8 Issue-3
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that genetically and clinically includes the heterogenic manifestation of insulin lost and high risk of hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, and vascular disease. 4 pillars of type II diabetes management include education, diet, physical exercise and pharmacologic intervention. One of the non-pharmacology treatments is diabetic foot exercises and foot massage on Ankle Brachial Index on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to assess the effect of effective diabetic foot exercise and foot massage on the Ankle Brachial Index on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Srondol public health, Semarang. This study is quasi-experimental studies using pretest-posttest control group design. Moreover, this study also organizes two groups involving the intervention group with diabetic foot exercise and foot massage combination as well as a control group with a foot massage. Purposive sampling technique is used to obtain 28 respondents who are divided into two groups. Wilcoxon sign rank test result shows p-value = <0.05, meaning that there is an effect of diabetic foot exercise and foot massage on the Ankle Brachial Index between intervention and control groups on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords
Type II DM
Diabetic Foot Exercise
Foot Massage
Ankle Brachial Index
1.
Suharyo Hadisaputro, Muhammad Arif Ramadhan, Hotma Rumahorbo. A combination of diabetic foot exercise and foot massage on ankle brachial index on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 21 [cited 2025 Oct. 11];8(3):667-71. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/918
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References
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1. Fatimah RN. Diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Majority. 2015; 4.
2. Aplihah and Indah Wulandari. Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetik Dan Terapi Kelereng Terhadap Neuropati Perifer Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Faletehan Health Journal. 2017; 4: 271-6.
3. Susan C and Smeltzer. Keperawatan Medical-Bedah Brunner & Suddarth. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2011.
4. Ryan JG, Duda-Sobczak A, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, et al. Endocrinology, diabetes, and other endocrine disorders update: diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
5. Association AD. Standards of Medical Care In Diabetes. The Journal of clinical and applied research and education. 2018.
6. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2016. 2017.
7. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Profil Kesehatan Kota Semarang 2017. 2018.
8. Fatmasari D, Ningsih R and Yuswanto TJA. Terapi Kombinasi Diabetic Self Management Education (DSME) Dengan Senam Kaki Diabetik Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe II. Medica Hospitalia: Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 6: 92-9.
9. Rahmawati A and Hargono A. Dominant Factor of Diabetic Neuropathy on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2018; 6: 60-8.
10. Perkeni. Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melittus Tipe 2. 2015.
11. Fatimah. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Majority. 2015; 4.
12. Eliana and Fatimah. Penatalaksanaan DM Sesuai Konsensus Perkeni 2015. Jakarta: Perkeni, 2015.
13. Nussbaumerová B, Rosolová H, Ferda J, Sifalda P, Sípová I and Sefrna F. The ankle brachial index in type 2 diabetes. Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2011; 57: 299-305.
14. Bundo M, Urrea M, Munoz L, Llussa J, Fores R and Toran P. Correlation between toe-brachial index and ankle-brachial index in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Medicina clinica. 2013; 140: 390-4.
15. Le Faucheur A, Desvaux BN, Bouyé P, Jaquinandi V, Saumet JL and Abraham P. The physiological response of ankle systolic blood pressure and ankle to brachial index after maximal exercise in athletes is dependent on age. European journal of applied physiology. 2006; 96: 505-10.
16. Waspadji S. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam: Kaki Diabetes. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 2014.
17. Wahyuni TD. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) sesudah senam kaki diabetes pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2015; 4.
18. Wahyuni A. Senam Kaki Diabetik Efektif Meningkatkan Ankle Brachial Index Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ipteks Terapan. 2016; 9: 19-27.
19. Black JMJHH. Medical-Surgical Nursing: ClinicalManagement Forpositive Outcomes. St Louis:Saunders Elseiver(2008).
20. Sunarti S and Anggraeni R. Efektivitas kombinasi senam kaki diabetes melitus dan pijat kaki terhadap nilai ankle brachial index (abi) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
21. Kafaie P, Noorbala, M. T., Soheilikhah, S., & Rashidi, M. Evaluation Of Patients' Education On Foot Self-Care Status in Diabetic Patients. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2012; 14 (12): 829.
22. Sunarti S AR. Efektivitas Kombinasi Senam Kaki Diabetes Melitus dan Pijat Kaki Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
23. Laksmi. Pengaruh Foot Massage Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Denpasar Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan. 2016; 4.
24. Dewi RK and Gz S. Diabetes bukan untuk ditakuti. FMedia, 2014.
25. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: BPPK, 2018.
26. Ganong WF. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC(2008).
27. Damayanti S. Diabetes Melitus & Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan. Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika. 2015.
28. Yuanto HH BA, Astuti P. Pengaruh Kombinasi Senam Kaki dan Aroma Terapi terhadap ABI dan Tingkat Stress pada penderita DM di Puskesmas Jajag. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing). 2018; 4: 131-40.
References
1. Fatimah RN. Diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Majority. 2015; 4.
2. Aplihah and Indah Wulandari. Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetik Dan Terapi Kelereng Terhadap Neuropati Perifer Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Faletehan Health Journal. 2017; 4: 271-6.
3. Susan C and Smeltzer. Keperawatan Medical-Bedah Brunner & Suddarth. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2011.
4. Ryan JG, Duda-Sobczak A, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, et al. Endocrinology, diabetes, and other endocrine disorders update: diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
5. Association AD. Standards of Medical Care In Diabetes. The Journal of clinical and applied research and education. 2018.
6. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2016. 2017.
7. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Profil Kesehatan Kota Semarang 2017. 2018.
8. Fatmasari D, Ningsih R and Yuswanto TJA. Terapi Kombinasi Diabetic Self Management Education (DSME) Dengan Senam Kaki Diabetik Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe II. Medica Hospitalia: Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 6: 92-9.
9. Rahmawati A and Hargono A. Dominant Factor of Diabetic Neuropathy on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2018; 6: 60-8.
10. Perkeni. Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melittus Tipe 2. 2015.
11. Fatimah. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Majority. 2015; 4.
12. Eliana and Fatimah. Penatalaksanaan DM Sesuai Konsensus Perkeni 2015. Jakarta: Perkeni, 2015.
13. Nussbaumerová B, Rosolová H, Ferda J, Sifalda P, Sípová I and Sefrna F. The ankle brachial index in type 2 diabetes. Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2011; 57: 299-305.
14. Bundo M, Urrea M, Munoz L, Llussa J, Fores R and Toran P. Correlation between toe-brachial index and ankle-brachial index in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Medicina clinica. 2013; 140: 390-4.
15. Le Faucheur A, Desvaux BN, Bouyé P, Jaquinandi V, Saumet JL and Abraham P. The physiological response of ankle systolic blood pressure and ankle to brachial index after maximal exercise in athletes is dependent on age. European journal of applied physiology. 2006; 96: 505-10.
16. Waspadji S. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam: Kaki Diabetes. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 2014.
17. Wahyuni TD. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) sesudah senam kaki diabetes pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2015; 4.
18. Wahyuni A. Senam Kaki Diabetik Efektif Meningkatkan Ankle Brachial Index Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ipteks Terapan. 2016; 9: 19-27.
19. Black JMJHH. Medical-Surgical Nursing: ClinicalManagement Forpositive Outcomes. St Louis:Saunders Elseiver(2008).
20. Sunarti S and Anggraeni R. Efektivitas kombinasi senam kaki diabetes melitus dan pijat kaki terhadap nilai ankle brachial index (abi) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
21. Kafaie P, Noorbala, M. T., Soheilikhah, S., & Rashidi, M. Evaluation Of Patients' Education On Foot Self-Care Status in Diabetic Patients. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2012; 14 (12): 829.
22. Sunarti S AR. Efektivitas Kombinasi Senam Kaki Diabetes Melitus dan Pijat Kaki Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
23. Laksmi. Pengaruh Foot Massage Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Denpasar Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan. 2016; 4.
24. Dewi RK and Gz S. Diabetes bukan untuk ditakuti. FMedia, 2014.
25. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: BPPK, 2018.
26. Ganong WF. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC(2008).
27. Damayanti S. Diabetes Melitus & Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan. Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika. 2015.
28. Yuanto HH BA, Astuti P. Pengaruh Kombinasi Senam Kaki dan Aroma Terapi terhadap ABI dan Tingkat Stress pada penderita DM di Puskesmas Jajag. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing). 2018; 4: 131-40.
2. Aplihah and Indah Wulandari. Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetik Dan Terapi Kelereng Terhadap Neuropati Perifer Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Faletehan Health Journal. 2017; 4: 271-6.
3. Susan C and Smeltzer. Keperawatan Medical-Bedah Brunner & Suddarth. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2011.
4. Ryan JG, Duda-Sobczak A, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz D, et al. Endocrinology, diabetes, and other endocrine disorders update: diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
5. Association AD. Standards of Medical Care In Diabetes. The Journal of clinical and applied research and education. 2018.
6. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2016. 2017.
7. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Profil Kesehatan Kota Semarang 2017. 2018.
8. Fatmasari D, Ningsih R and Yuswanto TJA. Terapi Kombinasi Diabetic Self Management Education (DSME) Dengan Senam Kaki Diabetik Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe II. Medica Hospitalia: Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 6: 92-9.
9. Rahmawati A and Hargono A. Dominant Factor of Diabetic Neuropathy on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2018; 6: 60-8.
10. Perkeni. Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melittus Tipe 2. 2015.
11. Fatimah. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Majority. 2015; 4.
12. Eliana and Fatimah. Penatalaksanaan DM Sesuai Konsensus Perkeni 2015. Jakarta: Perkeni, 2015.
13. Nussbaumerová B, Rosolová H, Ferda J, Sifalda P, Sípová I and Sefrna F. The ankle brachial index in type 2 diabetes. Vnitrni lekarstvi. 2011; 57: 299-305.
14. Bundo M, Urrea M, Munoz L, Llussa J, Fores R and Toran P. Correlation between toe-brachial index and ankle-brachial index in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Medicina clinica. 2013; 140: 390-4.
15. Le Faucheur A, Desvaux BN, Bouyé P, Jaquinandi V, Saumet JL and Abraham P. The physiological response of ankle systolic blood pressure and ankle to brachial index after maximal exercise in athletes is dependent on age. European journal of applied physiology. 2006; 96: 505-10.
16. Waspadji S. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam: Kaki Diabetes. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 2014.
17. Wahyuni TD. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) sesudah senam kaki diabetes pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan. 2015; 4.
18. Wahyuni A. Senam Kaki Diabetik Efektif Meningkatkan Ankle Brachial Index Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ipteks Terapan. 2016; 9: 19-27.
19. Black JMJHH. Medical-Surgical Nursing: ClinicalManagement Forpositive Outcomes. St Louis:Saunders Elseiver(2008).
20. Sunarti S and Anggraeni R. Efektivitas kombinasi senam kaki diabetes melitus dan pijat kaki terhadap nilai ankle brachial index (abi) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
21. Kafaie P, Noorbala, M. T., Soheilikhah, S., & Rashidi, M. Evaluation Of Patients' Education On Foot Self-Care Status in Diabetic Patients. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2012; 14 (12): 829.
22. Sunarti S AR. Efektivitas Kombinasi Senam Kaki Diabetes Melitus dan Pijat Kaki Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2018; 8: 1-5.
23. Laksmi. Pengaruh Foot Massage Terhadap Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Denpasar Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan. 2016; 4.
24. Dewi RK and Gz S. Diabetes bukan untuk ditakuti. FMedia, 2014.
25. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: BPPK, 2018.
26. Ganong WF. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC(2008).
27. Damayanti S. Diabetes Melitus & Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan. Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika. 2015.
28. Yuanto HH BA, Astuti P. Pengaruh Kombinasi Senam Kaki dan Aroma Terapi terhadap ABI dan Tingkat Stress pada penderita DM di Puskesmas Jajag. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing). 2018; 4: 131-40.