International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research (IJAMSCR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access international journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality research and review articles in all branches of medical, allied health sciences, and clinical research. The journal aims to provide a platform for academicians, researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to disseminate knowledge that contributes to advancements in the medical and clinical fields. IJAMSCR encourages submissions in areas including but not limited to pharmacology, nursing, physiotherapy, biomedical sciences, clinical trials, diagnostics, and public health. The journal is published quarterly and welcomes original research papers, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, short communications, and case reports.
CUTTING EDGE EDUCATION: BUZZY DEVICE FOR PAIN RELIEVING IN CHILDREN
Pain from needle-related procedures in children can alter pain perception, increase pain sensitivity, and generate inappropriate pain responses. Currently pain management includes the use of lidocaine-containing patches, which is complicated to manage in a busy medical setting such as a vaccination centre. We assessed the Buzzy device, which combines vibration and cold, to manage pain in children undergoing a needle-related procedure, compared to the standard lidocaine patch. AIM: To explore the dental students to investigate whether the Buzzy device was as efficient as the lidocaine patch in reducing or preventing the pain provoked by needles in children. Methods: Children were randomly allocated (1:1) to use either the Buzzy device or the lidocaine patch during the needle-related procedure. The lidocaine patch was applied to the puncture site for the hour prior to the intervention. The Buzzy device was applied to the puncture site for 30 s and then moved 5 cm along the limb during the procedure. The refrigerated wings were detached if they bothered the child. The child assessed their pain using the validated Revised Faces Pain Scale. The revised faces pain scale comprised six facial expressions from 0, normal "no pain" to 10, a screaming face "severe pain" (2 points/face). The primary endpoint was the average pain score recorded by the child. The study aimed to test the non-inferiority of Buzzy.
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CUTTING EDGE EDUCATION: DENTAL HEALTH INSURANCE
Dental insurance is vital for ensuring access to affordable dental care, yet the awareness and understanding of dental insurance among dental practitioners is inconsistent. This study aims to assess dental practitioners' awareness of dental insurance in Chennai, India. AIM: To educate about the importance of dental insurance and to provide practical advice for choosing and using dental insurance to cover the costs of dental care OBJECTIVE: To educate about the importance of dental insurance and to provide practical advice for choosing and using dental insurance to cover the costs of dental care based on the gender To educate about the importance of dental insurance and to provide practical advice for choosing and using dental insurance to cover the costs of dental care based on the year of the study Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to dental practitioners selected via convenience sampling method. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analysed.
Phytochemical Profiling and Gastroprotective Potential of Alcea rosea Stem Extract: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation
Medicinal plants serve as rich sources of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic relevance, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders. Alcea rosea L. (hollyhock), traditionally used for treating inflammation, ulcers, and respiratory ailments, contains diverse phytochemicals that may contribute to its pharmacological effects. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory potential, and anti-ulcer efficacy of the ethanolic stem extract of Alcea rosea (ARET). The extract was prepared through cold maceration and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and TLC profiling, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, glycosides, steroids, and saponins. Antioxidant properties assessed via the DPPH assay revealed concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ of 141.42 mg/mL, indicating strong hydrogen-donating capability. Anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated effective inhibition of protein denaturation. H⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibition studies further supported the extract’s partial proton-pump blocking activity, suggesting an anti-secretory mechanism. In-vivo anti-ulcer evaluations including paracetamol-induced, alcohol-induced, and stress-induced models demonstrated significant gastroprotection, with the ethanolic extract showing greater efficacy than its aqueous counterpart. ARET produced substantial reductions in ulcer indices, comparable to standard anti-ulcer drugs, primarily attributed to its antioxidant, cytoprotective, and mucosal-strengthening effects. Overall, the findings validate the traditional medicinal use of A. rosea and highlight its multi-mechanistic gastroprotective properties. The study establishes ARET as a promising natural candidate for developing plant-based anti-ulcer therapies, warranting further molecular and clinical investigations.
Ginger as a Potential Remedy for Periodontitis Treatment
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory condition related to tooth‐supporting tissues (e.g., the gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament) and affects 70%–80% of people globally. Periodontitis can be linked with some serious diseases, like cardiovascular disorders, oral cancer, and metabolic syndrome, and it has not been declared an ideal therapy with minimum side effects against it. AIM: To investigate the opinions Ginger as a Potential Remedy for Periodontitis Treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ginger as a potential remedy for periodontitis treatment, and to explore its mechanisms of action in reducing inflammation and combating bacterial infections associated with periodontitis. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 dental students, comprising 78 males (39%) and 122 females (61%). The survey included 15 questions about Ginger as a Potential Remedy for Periodontitis Treatment among undergraduate dental students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
A Systematic Review on Nano Formulations of Natural Products used in Inflammation and Wound Healing
Inflammation and wound healing are complex biological processes essential for tissue repair and defense against injury and infection. Natural products derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms have long been utilized in traditional medicine systems due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. However, the therapeutic application of many natural compounds is limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, instability, and rapid degradation at the site of action. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful approach to overcome these limitations by enabling the development of nanoformulations such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, hydrogels, and polymeric nanocarriers. These systems enhance drug penetration, provide controlled and sustained release, protect bioactive constituents, and improve therapeutic efficacy. This systematic review highlights the historical development, current status, mechanisms, principles, classification, applications, and advantages of nanoformulated natural products in inflammation and wound healing. The integration of nanotechnology with natural therapeutics offers innovative solutions for chronic wounds, burns, diabetic ulcers, and inflammatory disorders, positioning nano-enabled natural products as a promising strategy in modern regenerative medicine.
Applying deep learning techniques to identify tonsilloliths in panoramic radiography
Tonsilloliths can be seen on panoramic radiographs (PRs) as deposits located on the middle portion of the ramus of the mandible. Although tonsilloliths are clinically harmless, the high risk of misdiagnosis leads to unnecessary advanced examinations and interventions, thus jeopardizing patient safety and increasing unnecessary resource use in the healthcare system. Therefore, this study aims to meet an important clinical need by providing accurate and rapid diagnostic support. The dataset consisted of a total of 275 PRs, with 125 PRs lacking tonsillolith and 150 PRs having tonsillolith. ResNet and EfficientNet CNN models were assessed during the model selection process. An evaluation was conducted to analyze the learning capacity, intricacy, and compatibility of each model with the problem at hand. The effectiveness of the models was evaluated using accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score measures following the training phase. Both the ResNet18 and EfficientNetB0 models were able to differentiate between tonsillolith-present and tonsillolith-absent conditions with an average accuracy of 89%. Res Net 101 demonstrated underperformance when contrasted with other models. EfficientNetB1 exhibits satisfactory accuracy in both categories. The EfficientNetB0 model exhibits a 93% precision, 87% recall, 90% F1 score, and 89% accuracy. This study indicates that implementing AI-powered deep learning techniques would significantly improve the clinical diagnosis of tonsilloliths.
Chewing Gum Containing EDTA, MSM, Xylitol Work Comparable to Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse
Dental plaque provides a proper environment for the growth and activity of bacteria responsible for periodontal diseases and caries. AIM: To explore the effectiveness of chewing gum containing EDTA, MSM, Xylitol compared to chlorhexidine mouth wash in reducing plaque control efficacy and effects on gingival health. OBJECTIVE: To access chewing gum containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and xylitol works comparable to chlorehexidine mouthrinse" was to investigate the combined effects of the novel gum on plaque control. It also aimed to compare the gum's effectiveness with that of chlorhexidine mouthwash. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 dental students, comprising 90 males (40.9%) and 115 females (59.5%), including. The survey included 15 questions exploring the social media use and e-professionalism among health care students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Cutting Edge Education: Climatic Change and Infectious Disease in Dentistry
Background: Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the globe. In recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease transmission. Many of these publications focus on simulations based on in silico data, shadowing empirical research based on field and laboratory data. A synthesis work of empirical climate change and infectious disease research is still lacking. AIM: To know the changes in climate change impact infectious disease transmission and to focus on stimulation based on silicone data shadowing empirical research OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of climatic change on infection control and prevention in dental settings. Methods: Methods We conducted a systemic review of research from 2015 to 2020 period on climate change and infectious diseases to identify major trends and current gaps of research. Literature was sourced from Web of Science and Pub-Med literary repositories using a key word search, and was reviewed using a delineated inclusion criteria by a team of reviewers.
Phytochemical Based Therapies for Varicose Veins: Mechanisms and Their Therapeutic Potential
Varicose veins are a common manifestation of chronic venous disease (CVD), characterized by dilated, tortuous veins resulting from venous valve dysfunction, venous hypertension, and impaired blood flow. The condition is associated with symptoms such as pain, swelling, heaviness, skin changes, and in severe cases, ulceration and thrombosis. Conventional treatments often provide limited relief and may involve invasive procedures. As a result, growing attention has been directed toward plant-based therapies rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review highlights the role of phytochemicals—particularly flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and polyphenols—in the management of varicose veins. Medicinal plants such as Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) demonstrate venotonic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microcirculatory-enhancing properties. These natural compounds act by strengthening venous walls, reducing capillary permeability, improving blood rheology, and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. The integration of phytochemicals into varicose vein management offers a promising, safer, and supportive approach for improving venous health and alleviating symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency.
A Systematic Review of the Pharmacological and Formulative Potential of Bael (Aegle marmelos)
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, popularly known as Bael, is a mid-sized slender aromatic tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. It holds a preeminent position in the Indian traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. This review synthesizes current research regarding the phytochemical profile of Bael, its significant pharmacological activities specifically antidiabetic and anti-ulcerative properties and its emerging role as a versatile pharmaceutical excipient. By examining its application in sustained-release matrix tablets, mucoadhesive systems, and specialized oral care formulations, this article highlights Aegle marmelos as a sustainable, biocompatible, and efficacious resource for modern drug delivery and therapeutic intervention.
Addressing Puberty Challenges for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Delhi-NCR: Occupational Therapy Perspectives
Significant physical, emotional, and social changes occur during adolescence. Particularly during puberty, these changes might pose special difficulties for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the opinions of occupational therapists in Delhi-NCR on the difficulties that adolescents with ASD encounter throughout puberty and the strategies they employ to help them. Methods: Targeting occupational therapists in Delhi-NCR who work with adolescents having ASD, a descriptive survey study was carried out using the OT-APS survey. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were applied to the data analysis. Results: The survey was completed by sixty occupational therapists in total. The majority of respondents cited parent concerns (n=42, 70%), social expectations (n=26, 43.3%), and sexual changes (n=19, 31.6%) were the most commonly addressed challenges. Ayres Sensory integration treatment approaches and parent training approaches were the most commonly used intervention strategies, followed by behavioral strategies and behavioral skills training. Conclusions: Puberty is a crucial and difficult developmental stage for teenagers with ASD. The results underscore the need for focused, customized interventions that target social skills, emotional regulation, and sensory processing.
Study on the Prevalence of Heel Pain among School and College Teachers in and around Kochi
: Plantar heel pain (PHP) is a common, painful condition affecting the heel. Heel pain is when no specific disease or structural cause can be identified to explain the pain. It causes numerous sick days, functional impairment and early retirement. It is also difficult in terms of medical expenses, personal distress and job loss. So, it was essential to conduct a survey on the prevalence of PHP related to occupation and provide the effective means to manage and control it, thereby improving their quality of life Aim: To find the prevalence of heel pain among school and college teachers in and around Kochi. Methodology: A total of 110 teachers are participated in this study using conventional sampling. The total duration of study is 3 months. The outcome measures were taken for the study based on the FADI questionnaire. Result: A total of 110 teachers participated in this study. Teachers’ ages ranged from 25 to 65 years. The mean age was 41.61 ± 8.9 years. Of the 110 participants who took part in this survey, 51 reported mild heel pain (46%), 36 reported moderate heel pain (33%), and 23 reported severe heel pain (21%). Conclusion: The study reveals there is a high prevalence of PHP pain among teachers. The various demographic factors contributing to PHP were advancing age, female gender and BMI. Increasing BMI and frequent standing do not reduce heel pain. Factors like occupation, work duration, and age have a significant effect in PHP. The most affected teachers were found to be LP teachers. Years of experience and continued working hours were found to be the other major occupational risk factors. They should be advised on preventive measures to avoid further complications.
Awareness Regarding Intraoral Scanners Among Dental Students
Introduction: Intraoral scanners (IOS) are equipment used in dentistry to capture direct optical impressions. They project a light source onto the object to be scanned, such as dental curves, including aligned teeth and implants, just as standard three-dimensional (3D) scanners.Although IOS are becoming widespread in clinical dental practice, only a few are aware of the advantages and limitations of the intra oral scanners.The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of intra oral scanners among undergraduates of dental school. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of intra oral scanners among undergraduates of dental school. OBJECTIVE: To Evaluate awareness regarding Intraoral Scanners among Dental Students. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey done among the age group of 18-27 years to analyse knowledge, attitude and practice on intraoral scanners among undergraduate students. A self administered questionnaire was prepared which included 14 questions and was circulated among the students. The data was collected and statistically analysed using spss software. The survey was conducted among 200 study populations
Design and Development of National Drug Regulatory System and Policies
Regulation of drugs encompasses a variety of functions. Key functions include licensing, inspection of manufacturing facilities and distribution channels, product assessment and registration, adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring, QC, control of drug promotion and advertising, and control of clinical drug trials. Each of these functions targets a different aspect of pharmaceutical activity. All of these functions must act in concert for effective consumer protection. Quality of drugs available to the public is the main aim of drug regulation. If regulatory goals are to be achieved, appropriate structures must be established and appropriate activities carried out to achieve the desired goals. Comprehensive and up-to-date laws, unified but independent organization, competent human resources, freedom from political and commercial influence, adequate and sustainable financial resources, clear and transparent standards and procedures, outcome-oriented implementation and systematic monitoring and evaluation are critical components contributing to effective drug regulation.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Activity of Ageratum Conyzoides Linn Leaves in Animal Models
Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the easily oxidized substrate. One of the plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (Ageratum conyzoides). This plant was commonly found in the West Africa, Australia, Colombia and India has been used by the society. This study aimed to determine the proximate compositions, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from large-leafed mangrove fruit which extracted by methanol. The phytochemical screening was carried on the both extracts of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, revealed the presence of some active ingredients such as Alkaloid, Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Phenols. The aqueous and alcoholic leaves extract were also evaluated for their antioxidant activity using FRAP assay, Metal chelating assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide-radical scavenging assay and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. The result of the present study showed that the ethanolic leaves extract of Ageratum conyzoides has shown the greatest anti-oxidant activity than aqueous extracts. The high scavenging property of may be due to hydroxyl groups existing in the phenolic compounds. Further work is needful to isolate the exact compound which is responsible for antioxidant activity and biophysical characterization can be done in the future.
Development and Validation of a Rapid RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Benfotiamine and Metformin
A rapid and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the validation of Benfotiamine and Metformin, in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (4.6×250mm) 5µ column using a mixture of Methanol: TEA Buffer (65:35 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min, the detection was carried out at 230nm. The retention time of the Benfotiamine and Metformin was 2.121, 3.643 ±0.02min respectively. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 10-50mg/ml of Benfotiamine and 20-100mg/ml of Metformin. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Drug Delivery System of Caffeine
The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate a Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS) of caffeine using natural and synthetic polymers such as Gum Copal, Gum Damar, and Ethyl Cellulose. Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant with a narrow absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, requires a formulation that ensures prolonged gastric retention to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method, incorporating sodium bicarbonate as a gas-generating agent to achieve buoyancy. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters including hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, floating lag time, total floating duration, and in vitro drug release. Among the various formulations, the optimized batch exhibited a floating lag time of less than 1 minute and sustained buoyancy for more than 12 hours. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated controlled and prolonged release of caffeine over 12 hours, with a cumulative drug release exceeding 99.38%. The combination of Gum Copal, Gum Damar, and Ethyl Cellulose contributed to the sustained matrix formation and floating efficiency. The study concludes that the developed floating tablet formulation of caffeine using both natural and synthetic polymers can be a promising approach for gastroretentive drug delivery, offering improved.
A Prospective Study Evaluating Injury Patterns, Management Strategies and Outcomes of Blunt Trauma Abdomen at A Tertiary Care Centre of North India
Background: Blunt abdominal trauma remains a significant contributor to trauma-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. Variability in presentation and management strategies continues to influence outcomes, especially in resource-constrained settings. Objectives: To evaluate demographic characteristics, injury patterns, management approaches, and predictors of outcome in patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 consecutive patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma over a one-year period. Clinical presentation, mechanism of injury, hemodynamic status, imaging findings, organ involvement, treatment modality, complications, length of hospital stay, and final outcomes were recorded. Results: Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority of injuries (56%). Most patients (68%) were hemodynamically stable at presentation. Splenic injury was the most frequently observed organ involvement (38%), followed by hepatic injury (30%). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was the principal diagnostic modality in stable patients. Non-operative management was successfully implemented in 62% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 8%. Delayed presentation, unstable hemodynamic status at admission, multiple organ involvement, and requirement for damage control surgery were significantly associated with poor outcomes. Conclusion: Blunt abdominal trauma predominantly affects economically active males and is most commonly caused by road traffic accidents. Careful patient selection for non-operative management, combined with timely surgical intervention in unstable individuals, plays a critical role in improving survival. Institutional data such as these are essential for refining trauma protocols in similar healthcare settings.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Flowers (Jambu Pushpa)
Introduction- Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as Jambu, is a well-recognized medicinal plant in traditional systems of medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical constituents of Syzygium cumini flowers. Methods- Dried and powdered flowers were subjected to successive solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water in increasing order of polarity. The obtained extracts were screened for preliminary phytochemical constituents employing standard qualitative chemical tests to detect alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and steroids. Results- Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of multiple bioactive constituents in different extracts. Ethanol and aqueous extracts showed a strong presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, saponins, and carbohydrates. Alkaloids were detected in chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Steroidal compounds were predominantly observed in petroleum ether and chloroform extracts, indicating their non-polar nature. Conclusion-The findings confirm that Jambu Pushpa contains diverse phytoconstituents that may contribute to its reported medicinal properties. The presence of flavonoids, phenolics, and glycosides particularly suggests potential antioxidant and therapeutic relevance. Further quantitative estimation and advanced chromatographic studies are recommended for isolation, characterization, and validation of the active principles.
Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Pharmacological Advances and Clinical Challenges
Targeted therapy has fundamentally transformed contemporary oncology by shifting cancer management from empiric cytotoxic chemotherapy toward mechanism-based precision medicine guided by molecular tumor profiling. Unlike conventional chemotherapy, which non-selectively damages rapidly proliferating cells, targeted therapies interact with specific molecular abnormalities that drive malignant transformation and progression. These agents inhibit critical oncogenic pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and DNA repair. Major pharmacological classes include monoclonal antibodies directed against extracellular receptors or ligands, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting intracellular signaling cascades, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) enabling selective cytotoxic delivery, and synthetic lethality-based agents such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors designed for tumors with defective homologous recombination repair mechanisms. Clinical application of targeted therapies has significantly improved response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival across a wide range of malignancies including breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and hematological cancers. In several settings, these therapies have converted previously fatal cancers into chronic manageable diseases. However, long-term therapeutic efficacy remains limited by multiple factors, including intrinsic and acquired resistance, clonal tumor heterogeneity, activation of compensatory signaling pathways, biomarker limitations, treatment-related toxicities, and substantial financial burden. Recent pharmacological advances aim to overcome these challenges through development of next-generation inhibitors active against resistance mutations, rational combination regimens targeting parallel pathways, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to enhance tumor selectivity, and real-time molecular monitoring using liquid biopsy. Furthermore, artificial intelligence assisted predictive modeling is emerging as a promising tool for individualized therapy selection and early detection of therapeutic resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological foundations of targeted anticancer therapy, classification of major drug classes, molecular mechanisms of resistance, and key clinical challenges. It also discusses evolving therapeutic strategies and future directions toward adaptive, data-driven, and fully personalized oncology.
Tooth Color Estimation Model Using Skin Color Parameters
Color selection for discolored teeth or for edentulous patients is a subjective process in dentistry. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no objective method for tooth color selection for edentulous patients. Several studies have investigated the relationship between tooth color and skin color and the ability to use skin color as a guide to select tooth color in dental rehabilitation cases. The objective of this study was to find and model the relationship between tooth color and skin color in equations to be able to predict tooth color by assessing skin color Aim: To investigate the relationship between tooth color and skin color in equations to predict tooth color by assessing skin color Objective: To investigate the opinions for understanding the relationship between tooth color and skin color in equations to predict tooth color by assessing skin color among the undergraduate dental students based on the gender. To investigate the opinions for understanding the relationship between tooth color and skin color in equations to predict tooth color by assessing skin color among the undergraduate dental students based on the year of study Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 204 dental students, comprising 57 males (27.9%) and 147 females (72.1%). The survey included 15 questions about tooth color estimation using skin color parameters among undergraduate dental students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Impact of Procrastination on Scholastic Performance in Undergraduate Dental Students in Khammam City
Abstract Procrastination is the avoidance of doing a task that needs to be accomplished and putting it off at a later time. Procrastination is believed to be highly prevalent among college students and detrimental to their academic performance. The study is to evaluate the prevalence of procrastination among dental students in Khammam city and to analyze its influence on their academic performance. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of procrastination among dental students in Khammam City. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of procrastination among dental students based on age to assess the influence on procrastination among dental students based on year of study Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 dental students, comprising 45 males (22.4%) and 156 females (77.6%) including. This survey included 15 questions exploring the impact of procrastination among dental study were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using Chi-square tests to identify statistical significant differences.
Building Synthetic Chromosomes from Natural DNA
De novo chromosome synthesis is costly and time-consuming, limiting its use in research and biotechnology. Building synthetic chromosomes from natural components is an unexplored alternative with many potential applications. In this paper, we report CReATiNG (Cloning, Reprogramming, and Assembling Tiled Natural Genomic DNA), a method for constructing synthetic chromosomes from natural components in yeast. CReATiNG entails cloning segments of natural chromosomes and then programmably assembling them into synthetic chromosomes that can replace the native chromosomes in cells. We used CReATiNG to synthetically recombine chromosomes between strains and species, to modify chromosome structure, and to delete many linked, non-adjacent regions totaling 39% of a chromosome. The multiplex deletion experiment revealed that CReATiNG also enables recovery from flaws in synthetic chromosome design via recombination between a synthetic chromosome and its native counterpart. CReATiNG facilitates the application of chromosome synthesis to diverse biological problems. Aim: To investigate the opinions on building synthetic chromosomes from natural dna. Objective: To investigate the opinions for understanding genetic function, basic research, biotechnological applications and potential therapeutic applications among the undergraduate dental students based on the gender To investigate the opinions for understanding genetic function, basic research, biotechnological applications and potential therapeutic applications among the undergraduate dental students based on the year of study Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 dental students, comprising 97 males (48.5%) and 103 females (51.5%). The survey included 15 questions about building synthetic chromosomes from natural dna among undergraduate dental students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Survey on The Development and Validation of a Needs Assessment Scale for Innovative Technology Approaches To Dental Screening Among Dental Students
Background: Rapid advancements in dental diagnostic technologies have transformed early detection and management of dental caries. However, successful implementation of innovative screening tools requires understanding the needs and perception of future dental professionals. Aim: To develop and validate a Needs Assessment Scale for Innovative Technology Approaches to Dental Screening among dental students Objectives: To develop a structured questionnaire assessing perceived need for innovative dental screening technologies. To validate the scale among undergraduate dental students. To compare responses based on gender. To compare responses based on year of study Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 undergraduate dental students (I BDS to Interns). A structured 15-item questionnaire was developed to assess perceived need, awareness, and acceptance of innovative dental screening technologies. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Chi-square tests were applied to compare responses based on gender and year of study.
Metaverse Application in Dental Education and Patient Care - A Questionnaire Based Study
The metaverse, a convergence of digital technologies is reshaping various industries and holds significant potential to revolutionize dentistry. The study aimed to appraise the knowledge, understanding, and awareness of dental students and professionals regarding the application of the metaverse in dental practice. A cross-sectional study was administered to gather insights from both dental students and professionals, evaluating their familiarity with metaverse technologies such as XR, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Digital Twins, ax nd AI, and their perceived potential in patient care, education, and training. A total of 201 participants were involved in the study. The results revealed varying levels of awareness among participants, with a majority expressing interest and enthusiasm towards integrating metaverse technologies into their practice and education. However, concerns regarding technical proficiency, privacy, and data security were also identified as potential barriers to adoption. The findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance awareness and proficiency in metaverse technologies among dental professionals, ensuring they are well-equipped to leverage its transformative potential for improved patient care and education in dentistry. Aim: To assess the knowledge regarding effectiveness and usability regarding Meta verse acceptance in Dentistry Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding the effectiveness, usability, and attitude regarding the acceptance of metaverse in various dental contexts. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 dental students, comprising 64 males (31.8%) and 137 females (68.2%), including. The survey included 12 questions exploring the metaverse application in dental education and patient care were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Newly Joined Undergraduate Dental Students ’Opinions on the Qualities of a Professional: A Qualitative Research’
It is important for the teachers to be aware of the pre-existing notions regarding professionalism among the newly joined dental students to emphasize on imbibing the right qualities to them. This study aimed to explore the opinions of newly joined undergraduate dental students about the qualities of a professional and compare those with the qualities of a professional as elaborated in the literature. Aim: To explore the opinions of newly undergraduate dental students about the qualities of professional Objective: To assess the opinions of undergraduate dental students about the qualities of professional To assess the knowledge among undergraduate dental students regarding qualities of professional Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 dental students comprising 90 males (45%) and 110 females (55%) including. The survey includes 15 questions exploring the newly joined undergraduate dental students, opinions on qualities of a professional were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square test to identify statistically significant differences.
Effectiveness of Task-Oriented Balance Training Delivered Through Tele-Rehabilitation Versus Conventional Clinical Task-Oriented Balance Training in Stroke Patients: An Interventional Study
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, commonly resulting in impaired balance, reduced mobility, and diminished functional independence. Task-oriented balance training is a well-established neurorehabilitation approach, and tele-rehabilitation has emerged as a promising alternative for delivering physiotherapy services. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of task-oriented balance training delivered through a tele-rehabilitation programmed versus conventional clinical task-oriented balance training in stroke patients. An interventional study was conducted on 52 stroke patients selected through convenience sampling. Participants were allocated into two groups of 26 each. Group A received task-oriented balance training in a clinical setting for two weeks, followed by home-based tele-rehabilitation for three weeks. Group B received conventional clinical task-oriented balance training for the full five weeks. Both groups trained for 45 minutes per session, five days per week. Outcome measures — the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) — were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores following the intervention (p<0.001). The mean BBS improvement was 15.31 in Group A and 14.54 in Group B, with comparable reductions in TUG and 10MWT scores. Between-group comparison revealed no statistically significant difference in improvement across all outcome measures (p>0.05). Tele-rehabilitation-based task-oriented balance training is as effective as conventional clinical training in improving balance and functional mobility in stroke patients. Tele-rehabilitation may serve as a viable and accessible alternative, particularly for patients in remote or underserved settings.
Knowledge and Awareness on Colour Change in Teeth Due to Burning Among Dental Undergraduate Students
Background: Teeth are among the most resilient structures of the human body and frequently withstand high temperatures during fire incidents. Studies such as the spectrophotometric analysis published in Forensic Science International have demonstrated measurable colour changes in enamel and dentin following exposure to elevated temperatures. Awareness of these changes is crucial for dental undergraduates, particularly in forensic odontology. Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness regarding colour changes in teeth due to burning among dental undergraduate students. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding colour changes in teeth due to burning among dental undergraduate students. 2. To evaluate students’ knowledge about thermal resistance of enamel and dentin. 3. To assess awareness regarding progressive colour changes of teeth at different temperatures (e.g., 400°C and 700°C). Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate dental students. A structured, validated questionnaire consisting of 15 close-ended questions assessing knowledge about thermal effects on teeth, colour changes, spectrophotometric analysis, and forensic relevance was distributed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test to assess association between year of study and awareness level
Embracing Personalised Medicine in Dentistry
: Personalized medicine is a progressing area in which physicians use diagnostic tests to identify particular biological markers, often genetic, that aid in describing which medical treatments, as well as technique, will work best for each patient. In today's science, researchers are rapidly emerging and using diagnostic tests in medical diagnosis based on genomic, proteomics, and metabolomics to enhance and prophesy patient's reactions to targeted therapy. This area designated as "personalized medicine" conglomerates human genome, information technology, and biotechnology with nanotechnology to provide cure based on specific difference set against population trends. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge with regard to precise risk factors compromising the novel concepts of genetics to enable different medical facilities to individual who pertaining require it and improve patient’s oral health. Objectives: To assess the knowledge with regard to precise risk factors compromising the novel concepts of genetics to enable different medical facilities to individual who pertaining require it and improve patient’s oral health. To assess the knowledge of undergraduate dental students with regard to precise risk factors compromising the novel concepts of genetics to enable different medical facilities to individual who pertaining require it and improve patient’s oral health. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 dental students, comprising 63 males (31.3%) and 138 females (68.7%), including. The survey included 14 questions exploring the knowledge about embracing personalized medicine in dentistry among health care students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Formulation and Evaluation of a Press-Coated Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Telmisartan for Chronotherapeutic Management of Hypertension
Hypertension exhibits a circadian rhythm, with blood pressure rising sharply during the early morning hours, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in alignment with biological rhythms to improve therapeutic outcomes. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a press-coated pulsatile drug delivery system of Telmisartan using hydrophilic polymer HPMC K4M and hydrophobic polymer Ethyl Cellulose. Core tablets of Telmisartan were prepared by direct compression and optimized based on pre-compression and post-compression parameters. The optimized core tablet (C2) was further press-coated with varying concentrations of HPMC K4M and Ethyl Cellulose to achieve desired lag time. The prepared pulsatile tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, in-vitro dissolution, and stability studies. Among all formulations, batch F2 exhibited optimum lag time with 96.3% cumulative drug release at the end of 8 hours and satisfactory mechanical properties within pharmacopoeial limits. Accelerated stability studies conducted as per ICH guidelines revealed no significant changes in physical characteristics or drug release profile. The results indicate that the developed press-coated pulsatile drug delivery system of Telmisartan can effectively provide chronotherapeutic drug release and may improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance in hypertension management.
Risk Assessment of Diabetes Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) Among 30 – 40 Years Population in Urban Health Training Centre, Baghaura, District Jalaun
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in India, with increasing prevalence among younger adults due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes. Early identification of individuals at high risk is essential for timely preventive interventions. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for community-level screening. Objectives: To assess the risk of diabetes among adults aged 30–40 years using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score and to determine its association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at an Urban Health Training Centre in Jalaun district, Uttar Pradesh, during September–October 2025. A total of 110 adults aged 30–40 years were enrolled using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire incorporating IDRS components. Random blood glucose was measured for high-risk individuals. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: Among the participants, 36.4% were classified as high risk, 54.5% as moderate risk, and 9.1% as low risk according to IDRS. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 9%, while 25% of individuals in the high-risk group had random blood glucose levels suggestive of diabetes. Family history of diabetes showed a statistically significant association with high IDRS risk (p = 0.038). Conclusion: The Indian Diabetes Risk Score is an effective, simple, and feasible screening tool for early identification of individuals at risk of diabetes in urban health-care settings.
Steroid Induced Exogenous Cushing’s Syndrome with Biochemical Cortisol Suppression: A Clinical Case Report
Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by prolonged exposure to excess cortisol. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome, the most common form, results from long-term glucocorticoid therapy, leading to suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and reduced endogenous cortisol production. It is associated with significant metabolic, cardiovascular, and infectious complications. Common clinical features include central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, thin skin, violaceous striae, proximal muscle weakness, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Case Presentation: A 70-year-old female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypothyroidism presented with cough, breathlessness, fever, and bilateral lower limb edema. Examination revealed hypertension, tachycardia, bilateral rhonchi, and Cushingoid features. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilia, altered thyroid profile, hypoproteinemia, and reduced serum cortisol levels, suggestive of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression secondary to prolonged corticosteroid use, including inhaled beclomethasone. She was managed with antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, bronchodilators, insulin, antihypertensives, diuretics, and supportive therapy, and improved clinically. Case Discussion: The patient’s presentation was consistent with exogenous Cushing’s syndrome complicated by infective exacerbation of COPD and metabolic disturbances. Careful medication review and monitoring were essential for diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Early recognition, detailed medication history, gradual steroid tapering, and regular monitoring are crucial to prevent complications and ensure safe long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Ayushman Bharat: Awareness Regarding Oral Health Coverage among Undergraduate Dental Students.
Ayushman Bharat Yojana is one of the world’s largest publicly funded health insurance schemes, aimed at providing financial protection for secondary and tertiary healthcare services to economically vulnerable populations in India. However, awareness regarding its oral health coverage among dental students remains uncertain. AIM: To assess the level of awareness and knowledge regarding oral health coverage under Ayushman Bharat among undergraduate dental students. OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of awareness regarding oral health coverage under Ayushman Bharat among undergraduate dental students.To evaluate knowledge regarding specific dental procedures covered under the scheme. To assess the source of information about Ayushman Bharat among students. To determine the association between year of study and awareness level. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students. A structured, pre-validated questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Metaverse in Dentistry: Connecting Virtual Innovation with Real World Patient Care and Education
Integration of metaverse technology in dentistry is transforming patient treatment, education and professional growth. This investigation examines the awareness, attitude and preparation of dental students and practitioners regarding metaverse applications in their field of work. Hence, 201 participants were asked about their awareness of artificial intelligence, XR, block-chain and digital twins, together with the various advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. While metaverse adoption is widely sought, especially in education and training, questions about cost, privacy and usability still linger. Thus, the need for structured learning programs to maximize the benefits of metaverse technology and raise dental practitioners' digital proficiency is highlighted. Aim: To investigate opinions of dental students regarding AR, AI, digital twins in their fields. Objective: To assess dental student’s knowledge attitude and practice regarding integration of metaverse technologies like augmented reality (AR), AI, and digital twins in their fields Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 dental students, comprising 64 males (31.8%) and 137females (68.2%). The survey included 14 questions about Metaverse in dentistry: Connecting virtual innovation with real-world patient care and education among undergraduate dental students were analyzed based on gender, age and year of study using chi-square tests to identify statistically significant differences.
Septic Shock Secondary to Klebsiella Pneumoniae Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection in A Patient with Displaced Double J Stent: A Case Report
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Septic shock is a severe form characterized by circulatory and metabolic abnormalities with high mortality. It is diagnosed when vasopressors are required to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥65 mmHg despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Sepsis commonly originates from respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or skin infections. Early diagnosis and prompt management with fluids, antimicrobial therapy, and vasopressor support are essential to improve survival. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old male was admitted to Ballari Medical College and Research Centre (BMCRC), Ballari, Karnataka, with complaints of giddiness and bilateral lower limb swelling with difficulty walking for three days. He had a history of bilateral ureteric calculi with double J (DJ) stent placement and had undergone three cycles of maintenance hemodialysis. On examination, the patient was hypotensive (80/60 mmHg) and tachycardic (102 beats/min). Laboratory investigations showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, elevated creatinine and urea, and high inflammatory markers including procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Blood culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ultrasonography showed bilateral pyelonephritis with cystitis and displacement of the right-sided DJ stent. The patient received intravenous fluids, vasopressors, antibiotics, and supportive care with clinical improvement. Case Discussion: Urinary instrumentation and indwelling devices increase the risk of bloodstream infections. In this case, septic shock was associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and displacement of the DJ stent. Early diagnosis and culture-guided antibiotic therapy were important for effective management. Conclusion: Sepsis due to catheter-related bloodstream infection requires early recognition, prompt antibiotics, and effective source control. Multidisciplinary care and monitoring are essential to improve outcomes, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease and urinary devices.