Factors Associated with Breast Self-Examination Practices Among Junior and Senior Nursing Students in Baguio City
Corresponding Author(s) : Roy Rillera Marzo
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): 2015 Volume 3- Issue -2
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. It is the leading type of cancer in women. Hence, screening for early detection and diagnosis of diseases and health conditions is an important public health principle. Breast Self Examination (BSE) is a process whereby women examine their breasts regularly to detect any abnormal swelling or lumps in order to seek prompt medical attention. The main aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with breast self-examination among medical allied students in selected universities of Baguio City. Specifically, it sought to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of breast self-examination among junior and senior nursing students in Baguio City.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 selected universities in Baguio City using a standard survey questionnaire from September 2-26, 2009. A questionnaire comprising four parts; socio-demographic, knowledge, attitudes, and practices were utilized to gather data.
Results: The majority of respondents were young catholic females with no history of breast cancer in the family who had heard about BSE and had information on BSE. The knowledge of the majority on BSE is generally high and above average. Out of seven questions, 76% of the respondents scored average and above average with 6% having perfect score. Only 24% got a score below the mean. On the other hand, the subjects’ practice on BSE is not done on a consistent basis and with correct technique. Thus, it needs improvement even though they had the knowledge of BSE and its benefits. The practicing of BSE by student nurses calls for improvement as they will be the front line personnel educating people who need to perform BSE.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of BSE depends on education, compliance, and outreach among women and on conscientious and regular self-examination; therefore, BSE should be thoroughly discussed and demonstrated in the nursing curriculum.
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[1] Alegre, A., Ramo, L. 2007. Breast Cancer Incidence Highest among Filipinas in SEA - Bulatlat.com
[2] Ali TS, Baig S (2006). Evaluation of a cancer awareness campaign: experience with a selected population of Karachi. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7, 391-5.
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[5] Aslan FE, Gurkan A, Selimen D, et al (2002). Breast cancer screening acception by the women living in Istanbul. Cagdas Cerrahi Dergisi, 16, 86-96.
[6] Budden L (1998). Registered nurses’ breast self-examination practice and teaching to female clients. J Community Health Nurs, 15, 101-2.
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[8] Champion, V.L. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nursing Research. 1993;42:139–143.
[9] Chong PN, Krishnan M, Hong CY, Swah TS (2002). Knowledgeand practice of breast cancer screening amongst public healthnurses in Singapore.
[10] Singapore Med J ,43, 509-16
[11] Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Dikshit R., Eser S., Mathers C., Rebelo M., Parkin D.M., Forman D., Bray F. (2015) Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 International journal of cancer; 136(5):E359-E386. PMID: 25220842
[12] Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, at al (2008). Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin, 58, 71-96.
[13] Khatib O., & Modjtabai, A., (2006). Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer. (World Health Organization. Technical Publications Series, 30). Eastern Mediterranean: WHO.
[14] Odusanya, O.O., Tayo, O.O. Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and practice among nurses in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Oncologica. 2001;40:844–848.
[15] Petro-Nustas, W., Mikhail, B.I. Factors associated with breast self examination among Jordanian women. Public Health Nursing. 2002;19:263–271.
[16] Philip J, Harris WG, Flaherty C, Joslin CA. Clinical measures to assess the practice and efficiency of breast self-examination. Cancer. 1986 Aug 15;58(4):973–977. [PubMed]
[17] S Puri, C Mangat, V Bhatia, M Kalia, A Sehgal, A Kaur. Awareness Of Risk Factors And Aspects of Breast Cancer Among North Indian Women. The Internet Journal of Health. 2008 Volume 8 Number 2.
[18] Smith EM, Francis AM, Polissar L. The effect of breast self-exam practices and physician examinations on extent of disease at diagnosis. Prev Med. 1980 May;9(3):409–417. [PubMed]
References
[2] Ali TS, Baig S (2006). Evaluation of a cancer awareness campaign: experience with a selected population of Karachi. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7, 391-5.
[3] Anderson BO, Braun S, Carlson RW, Gralow JR, Lagios MD, Lehman C, et al. Increasing Our Understanding of Breast Self-Examination: Women Talk About Cancer, the Health Care System, and Being Women 2003;9 Suppl 2:S42-50. 7.
[4] Anyanwu SNC. Breast cancer in Eastern Nigeria: a ten year review. W Afr, J Med. 2000;19(2):120–125. [PubMed]
[5] Aslan FE, Gurkan A, Selimen D, et al (2002). Breast cancer screening acception by the women living in Istanbul. Cagdas Cerrahi Dergisi, 16, 86-96.
[6] Budden L (1998). Registered nurses’ breast self-examination practice and teaching to female clients. J Community Health Nurs, 15, 101-2.
[7] Champion, V.L. Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Advance in Nursing Science. 1984;6:73–85.
[8] Champion, V.L. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nursing Research. 1993;42:139–143.
[9] Chong PN, Krishnan M, Hong CY, Swah TS (2002). Knowledgeand practice of breast cancer screening amongst public healthnurses in Singapore.
[10] Singapore Med J ,43, 509-16
[11] Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Dikshit R., Eser S., Mathers C., Rebelo M., Parkin D.M., Forman D., Bray F. (2015) Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 International journal of cancer; 136(5):E359-E386. PMID: 25220842
[12] Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, at al (2008). Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin, 58, 71-96.
[13] Khatib O., & Modjtabai, A., (2006). Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer. (World Health Organization. Technical Publications Series, 30). Eastern Mediterranean: WHO.
[14] Odusanya, O.O., Tayo, O.O. Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and practice among nurses in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Oncologica. 2001;40:844–848.
[15] Petro-Nustas, W., Mikhail, B.I. Factors associated with breast self examination among Jordanian women. Public Health Nursing. 2002;19:263–271.
[16] Philip J, Harris WG, Flaherty C, Joslin CA. Clinical measures to assess the practice and efficiency of breast self-examination. Cancer. 1986 Aug 15;58(4):973–977. [PubMed]
[17] S Puri, C Mangat, V Bhatia, M Kalia, A Sehgal, A Kaur. Awareness Of Risk Factors And Aspects of Breast Cancer Among North Indian Women. The Internet Journal of Health. 2008 Volume 8 Number 2.
[18] Smith EM, Francis AM, Polissar L. The effect of breast self-exam practices and physician examinations on extent of disease at diagnosis. Prev Med. 1980 May;9(3):409–417. [PubMed]