Effect of Educational Intervention on the Knowledge and Appropriate Counselling Skills of Health Professionals Post Training Regarding Nutrition During Pregnancy in Asmara, Eritrea
Corresponding Author(s) : Lidia Ghirmai
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): 2020 Volume - 8 Issue-3
Abstract
Background
Reinforcing desirable attitudes and behavior related to nutrition among pregnant women can only be achieved when they are provided with timely and comprehensive nutrition education and counseling. The knowledge and counseling skills of health professionals has an immense and recognized role in introducing positive dietary behavior and practice related to
pregnancy among pregnant women.
Objective
To assess the effect of training given to health professionals regarding nutrition during pregnancy on their knowledge and counseling skills.
Methods
A single group pre-post quasi-experimental study design with pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention was employed in July of 2018 in five health facilities providing antenatal care service on 16 health care professionals in Asmara. A manual based training was given by a qualified trainer based on a prepared module and leaflet on important messages on appropriate
nutrition during pregnancy for 2 days. A pre-designed pretested questionnaire was used to collect data via interview by trained data collectors for both the pretest and immediate posttest. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0 program. Statistical significance level was set at p-value of less than 0.05.
Result
The analysis showed that the median scores of knowledge increased significantly from 30.5/47 (IQR=8) at pre-intervention to 44/47 (IQR=3.5) at immediate post intervention. On the average, the level of knowledge increased significantly by 13.5 units out of 47 (p<0.001). Major gap in knowledge of health professionals was seen in the complication of maternalunder nutrition such as preeclampsia (6.3%) and gestational weight gain (6.3%). The mean nutrition counseling practice score of health professionals was 30.97 (SD=1.26)/34. Sources of main food groups (fats, iron) was discussed by all participants. More than eighty percent (93.8%) checked for adherence to iron supplement and none of the respondents failed to give information on how to take the supplement and three quarter of the respondents gave information on use of iodized salt. There was no significant difference in the mean score of counseling skills of health professional’s between the categories of demographic characteristics.
Conclusion
This research has made it clear that it is possible to improve the knowledge and practices of health professionals through the proposed intervention aimed at primary health care teams providing antenatal care.
Keywords
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- Arrish J, Yeatman H, Williamson M. Self-reported nutrition education received by Australian midwives before and after registration. J Preg. 2017;2017:5289592. doi: 10.1155/2017/5289592,PMID 29057122.
- Zelalem A, Endeshaw M, Ayenew M, Shiferaw S, Yirgu R. Effect of nutrition education on pregnancy specific nutrition knowledge and healthy dietary practice among pregnant women in Addis Ababa. Clin Mother Child Health. 2017;14(3):265. doi: 10.4172/2090-7214.1000265.
- Whitworth M, Dowswell T. Routine prepregnancy health promotion for improving pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4(4):CD007536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007536.pub2, PMID 19821424.
- Mugyia ASN, Tanya ANK, Njotang PN, Ndombo PK. Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant mothers towards maternal dietary practices during pregnancy at the Etoug-Ebe Baptist Hospital Yaoundé. Health Sci Dis. 2016;17(2).
- Harvey LB, Ricciotti HA. Nutrition for a healthy pregnancy. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2014;8(2):80-7. doi: 10.1177/1559827613498695.
- Mudor H, Bunyarit F. A prospective of nutrition intake for pregnant women in Pattani, Thailand. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2013;91:179-84. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.415.
- Malta MB, Carvalhaes MAdBL, Takito MY, Tonete VLP, Barros AJ, Parada CMG, Benício MHDA. Educational intervention regarding diet and physical activity for pregnant women: changes in knowledge and practices among health professionals. BMC Preg Childbirth. 2016;16(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0957-1,
- PMID 27439974.
- Arrish J, Yeatman H, Williamson M. Midwives and nutrition education during pregnancy: A literature review. Women Birth. 2014;27(1):2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.003, PMID 23562582.
- da Silva Lopes K, Ota E, Shakya P, Dagvadorj A, Balogun OO, Peña-Rosas JP, De-Regil LM, Mori R. Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(3):e000389. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000389, PMID 29018583.
- Fallah F, Pourabbas A, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y, Shadnoush M. Effects of nutrition education on levels of nutritional awareness of pregnant women in Western Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(3):175-8. doi: 10.5812/ijem.9122, PMID 24348589.
- Girard AW, Olude O. Nutrition education and counselling provided during pregnancy: effects on maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26;Suppl 1:191-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01278.x, PMID 22742611.
- Middleton P, Lassi Z, Tran T, Bhutta Z, Bubner T, Flenady V. Crowther C: nutrition Interventions and Programs for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review: op110. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013;49:71.
- Ota E, Hori H, Mori R, Tobe‐Gai R, Farrar D. Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;6(6):CD000032. doi:
- 1002/14651858.CD000032.pub3, PMID 26031211.
- Mohannad A, Rizvi F, Irfan G. Impact of maternal education, and socioeconomic status on maternal
- nutritional knowledge and practices regarding iron rich foods and iron supplements. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2012;8(2):101-5.
- Nyagawa DR. The effect of health and nutrition training among health workers on Anaemina in
- rural areas of Tanzania: a study in Iramba and Kondoa district; 2001.
- Kushner RF. Barriers to providing nutrition counseling by physicians: a survey of primary care
- practitioners. Prev Med. 1995;24(6):546-52. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1087, PMID 8610076.
- Lucas CJ, Charlton KE, Brown L, Brock E, Cummins L. Antenatal shared care: are pregnant
- women being adequately informed about iodine and nutritional supplementation? Aust N Z J
- Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;54(6):515-21. doi: 10.1111/ajo.12239, PMID 25196454.
- McDonald SD, Pullenayegum E, Taylor VH, Lutsiv O, Bracken K, Good C, Hutton E, Sword W.
- Despite 2009 guidelines, few women report being counseled correctly about weight gain during
- pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(4):333:e331-333. e336. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.05.039, PMID 21784404.
References
Arrish J, Yeatman H, Williamson M. Self-reported nutrition education received by Australian midwives before and after registration. J Preg. 2017;2017:5289592. doi: 10.1155/2017/5289592,PMID 29057122.
Zelalem A, Endeshaw M, Ayenew M, Shiferaw S, Yirgu R. Effect of nutrition education on pregnancy specific nutrition knowledge and healthy dietary practice among pregnant women in Addis Ababa. Clin Mother Child Health. 2017;14(3):265. doi: 10.4172/2090-7214.1000265.
Whitworth M, Dowswell T. Routine prepregnancy health promotion for improving pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4(4):CD007536. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007536.pub2, PMID 19821424.
Mugyia ASN, Tanya ANK, Njotang PN, Ndombo PK. Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant mothers towards maternal dietary practices during pregnancy at the Etoug-Ebe Baptist Hospital Yaoundé. Health Sci Dis. 2016;17(2).
Harvey LB, Ricciotti HA. Nutrition for a healthy pregnancy. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2014;8(2):80-7. doi: 10.1177/1559827613498695.
Mudor H, Bunyarit F. A prospective of nutrition intake for pregnant women in Pattani, Thailand. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2013;91:179-84. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.415.
Malta MB, Carvalhaes MAdBL, Takito MY, Tonete VLP, Barros AJ, Parada CMG, Benício MHDA. Educational intervention regarding diet and physical activity for pregnant women: changes in knowledge and practices among health professionals. BMC Preg Childbirth. 2016;16(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0957-1,
PMID 27439974.
Arrish J, Yeatman H, Williamson M. Midwives and nutrition education during pregnancy: A literature review. Women Birth. 2014;27(1):2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.003, PMID 23562582.
da Silva Lopes K, Ota E, Shakya P, Dagvadorj A, Balogun OO, Peña-Rosas JP, De-Regil LM, Mori R. Effects of nutrition interventions during pregnancy on low birth weight: an overview of systematic reviews. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(3):e000389. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000389, PMID 29018583.
Fallah F, Pourabbas A, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y, Shadnoush M. Effects of nutrition education on levels of nutritional awareness of pregnant women in Western Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(3):175-8. doi: 10.5812/ijem.9122, PMID 24348589.
Girard AW, Olude O. Nutrition education and counselling provided during pregnancy: effects on maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26;Suppl 1:191-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01278.x, PMID 22742611.
Middleton P, Lassi Z, Tran T, Bhutta Z, Bubner T, Flenady V. Crowther C: nutrition Interventions and Programs for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review: op110. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013;49:71.
Ota E, Hori H, Mori R, Tobe‐Gai R, Farrar D. Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;6(6):CD000032. doi:
1002/14651858.CD000032.pub3, PMID 26031211.
Mohannad A, Rizvi F, Irfan G. Impact of maternal education, and socioeconomic status on maternal
nutritional knowledge and practices regarding iron rich foods and iron supplements. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2012;8(2):101-5.
Nyagawa DR. The effect of health and nutrition training among health workers on Anaemina in
rural areas of Tanzania: a study in Iramba and Kondoa district; 2001.
Kushner RF. Barriers to providing nutrition counseling by physicians: a survey of primary care
practitioners. Prev Med. 1995;24(6):546-52. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1087, PMID 8610076.
Lucas CJ, Charlton KE, Brown L, Brock E, Cummins L. Antenatal shared care: are pregnant
women being adequately informed about iodine and nutritional supplementation? Aust N Z J
Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;54(6):515-21. doi: 10.1111/ajo.12239, PMID 25196454.
McDonald SD, Pullenayegum E, Taylor VH, Lutsiv O, Bracken K, Good C, Hutton E, Sword W.
Despite 2009 guidelines, few women report being counseled correctly about weight gain during
pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205(4):333:e331-333. e336. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.05.039, PMID 21784404.