Gallbladder Cholecystitis: Current Concepts, Global Trends, and Traditional Herbal Interventions

Abstract

Acute inflammatory gallbladder cholecystitis is typically brought on by gallstone blockage of the cystic duct, which results in gallbladder wall inflammation, secondary infection, and bile stasis. Often leading to emergency surgical intervention, it is a major worldwide health burden. An extensive examination of the disease's history, origin, worldwide epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methodology, research, and therapeutic approaches is given in this article. The classification and management guidelines of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 are specifically discussed, along with the function of minimally invasive procedures such percutaneous drainage and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The review also emphasizes the potential application of traditional medicinal herbs and their bioactive phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of cholecystitis, particularly in environments with limited resources. Precision diagnostics, non-operative options including endoscopic gallbladder drainage, and biomarker discovery are the main focuses of current research developments. In light of the increasing prevalence and healthcare burden, the best possible patient outcomes require a thorough and customized approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.