The Craniometric Study of Foramen Magnum of Indian Population and Variations in Its Dimensions
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr.Gopalakrishna. K
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): 2015 Volume 3- Issue -2
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the measurements of the foramen magnum in male and females skulls of Indian origin as well as to observe the variations in its shape
INTRODUCTION
The foramen magnum is the large opening located in the occipital bone of skull. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are greater in males than in females. It is used to determine sex of skeleton in the medicolegal conditions such as explosions, aircraft accidents and war injuries. Dimensions and its variations are important in dealing with different neurosurgical conditions and surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive study was performed on fifty five (n=55) dry adult human skulls on following parameters. 1) Antero posterior diameter, 2) Transverse Diameter, 3) Shape of the foramen. Procedure: The parameters and shapes were carefully inspected and noted with proper illumination by single observer in uniform manner on a work sheet. Descriptive Statistics, Student’s t test and correlation between the groups were analysed for statistical significance at ?< 0.05.
RESULT
In males the mean Sagittal and transverse diameter was 34.72±2.95 and 28.4±2.37 with correlation coefficient of r=0.858. In females it was 33.21±3.25 and 27.71±2.6 with correlation coefficient of r=0.899. The scatter diagram revealed a linear form, positive relationship. Results were presented with tables and scatter plots.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CONCLUSION
The dimensions of foramen magnum are not constant between male and females, and between different populations. The knowledge on the dimension, shape with its normality and laterality is essential for determination of sex in forensic science, diagnostic and planning and conducting neurosurgical procedures at cranio-vertebral junction with effective management, better result and prognosis.
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References
[2] Drug informatin for the healthcare professional. USP DI, 24th edition, Thomson Micro medex? 2004.
[3] [3] Sener D, Halil M, Yavuz BB, Cankurtaran M, Arioðul S. Anasarca oedema with amlodipine treatment. AnnPharmacother 2005?39:7613.
[4] Leonetti G, Magnani B, Pessina AC, Rappelli A, Trimarco B, Zanchetti A, et al. Tolerability of longtermtreatment with lercanidipine versus amlodipine and lacidipine in elderly hypertensives. Am J Hypertens2002?15:93240.
[5] Ozawa Y, Hayashi K, Kobori H. New generation calcium channel blockers in hypertensive treatment. Currhypertension Rev 2006?2:10311.
[6] Shetty R, Vivek G, Naha K, Tumkur A, Raj A, Bairy KL. Excellent tolerance to cilnidipine in hypertensiveswith amlodipine induced oedema. N Am J Med Sci 2013?5:4750.
[7] Narita S, Yoshioka Y, Ide A, Kadokami T, Momii H, Yoshida M, et al. Effects of the L/Ntype calcium channel antagonist cilnidipine on morning blood pressure control and peripheral edema formation. J Am SocHypertens 2011?5:4106.
[8] Edwards IR, Aronson JK. Adverse drug reactions: Definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2000?356:12559.
[9] Fogari R, Zoppi A, Maffioli P, Lazzari P, Mugellini A, Derosa G. Effect of telmisartan addition to amlodipine on ankle edema development in treating hypertensive patients. Expert OpinPharmacother 2011?12:24418.