Effect of mini stability ball exercises versus pressure biofeedback unit training on pain, endurance and disability in chronic non-specific neck pain
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr. Dhvani Bhanushali
dhvani.bhanushali5@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): 2020 Volume 8- Issue -2
Abstract
Background
Mini stability ball exercises and Pressure biofeedback unit exercises are effective in core muscles training with added advantage. There is a dearth of evidence in studies whether mini stability ball exercises are effective for reducing pain, endurance and disability in non-specific neck pain and comparison of mini stability ball exercises and pressure biofeedback training for non-specific neck pain. Hence the current study has been undertaken.
Aim
To compare the effect of mini stability ball exercises vs pressure biofeedback unit training on pain, endurance and disability in chronic non-specific neck pain.
Method
58 participants in between age group of 25 to 55 years with non-specific neck pain were randomly divided into 2 groups of 29 each. The study was carried over a period of 6 weeks, the participants Group A received mini stability ball exercises in addition to conventional physiotherapy treatment and Group B received pressure biofeedback unit training in addition to conventional physiotherapy treatment. Participants were assessed for pain, endurance and disability at baseline, end of 3rd week and 6th week of the study using the outcome measures Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) and Neck disability Index (NDI).
Results and Conclusion
The participants who received pressure-biofeedback unit training with conventional treatment their NPRS, CCFT score and NDI score improved more significantly (p<0.0001) as compared to those who received mini stability ball exercises with conventional treatment. Abbreviations
NPRS- Numeric pain rating scale, NDI- Neck disability index, PBU- Pressure biofeedback unit, CCFT- Cranio-cervical flexion test, DCF- Deep cervical flexors, SCM- Sternocleidomastoid
Keywords
Mini stability ball exercises
Pressure biofeedback unit
Endurance
Non- specific neck pain
1.
Dr. Dhvani Bhanushali. Effect of mini stability ball exercises versus pressure biofeedback unit training on pain, endurance and disability in chronic non-specific neck pain. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2020 Aug. 15 [cited 2025 Jul. 11];8(2):393-40. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/878
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References
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[1]. Bertozzi L, Gardenghi I, Turoni F et al. Effect of therapeutic exercise on pain and disability in the management of chronic nonspecific neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Phys Ther. 93(8), 2013, 1026-36
[2]. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, et al. The annual incidence and course of neck pain in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Pain J. 112, 2004, 267–73.
[3]. Jeroen A.J. Borghouts, Bart W. Koes, Lex M. Bouter. The clinical course and prognostic factors of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Int Association for the study of Pain, 77(1), 1998, 1-13
[4]. Domenech, MA., Sizer, PS., et al.The deep neck flexor endurance test: Normative data scores in healthy adults. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3, 2011, 105-110
[5]. Grimmer, K. Measuring the endurance capacity of cervical short flexor muscle group. Aust J Physiother. 40, 1994, 251-254
[6]. Alka Pawalia, Vikram singh Yadav et al. Deep Neck Flexor Endurance: A Normative Data Score in Normal Healthy Indian Population. Indian journal of applied research, 5(8), 2015, 217-220
[7]. Rattaporn Sihawong, Prawit Janwantanakul et al. Exercise therapy for office workers with nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 34(1), 2011, 62 71
[8]. Md. Nezamuddin, Shahnawaz Anwer, Sohrab Ahmad Khan et al. Efficacy of pressure biofeedback guided deep cervical flexor training on neck pain and muscle performance in visual display terminal operators. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 16(3), 2013.
[9]. Sudarat Borisut, Mantana Vongsirinavarat et al. Effects of strength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles on muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain. J. phys. Ther. Sci 25, 2013, 1157 1162
[10]. Falla D, O'Leary S, Farina D et al.The change in deep cervical flexor activity following training is associated with the degree of pain reduction in patients with chronic neck pain; clinical journal of pain, 28(7), 2012, 628
634
[11]. Jerrold S.Petrofsky, Jennifer Batt, Nicceta Davis et al. Core Muscle Activity During Exercise on a Mini Stability Ball Compared With Abdominal Crunches on the Floor and on a Swiss Ball. The Journal of Applied Research, 7(3), 2007, 200725.657
[12]. Stanton R, Reaburn PR, Humphries B. The effect of short term swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 2004, 522 528
[13]. Ilsub Jun, Kyoung Kim. A Comparison of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Thicknesses in Subjects with and without Neck Pain during Craniocervical Flexion Exercises. J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 25(11), 2013, 1373–1375
[14]. Jill Lucas Findle, marco monticone, evangelos pappas et al. Biofeedback for neck pain. Cochrane Back and Neck Group 2015.
[15]. Sin ho chung, jin gang her, taesung ko et al. Effects of exercise on deep cervical flexors in patient with chronic neck pain. J Phys Ther sci, 24, 2012, 629 632
[16]. Parvathy.s, Vaishali Sreejith. A Comparative study between the efficacy of swiss ball exercise v/s pressure biofeedback training on pain, mobility and functional disability in computer professionals with non-specific neck pain. IJMAES, September 3(3), 2017, 379-389
[17]. Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Reena Rajan, Sohrab Ahmed Khan et al. Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Disability of School Teachers with Neck Pain. J Phys Ther Sci, 25(6), 2013, 657 661
[18]. Marloes thoomes-de graaf, Maarten a. Schmitt. The Effect of Training the Deep Cervical Flexors on Neck Pain, Neck Mobility, and Dizziness in a Patient With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain After Prolonged Bed Rest: A Case Report. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, october 2012, volume 42, number 10, 858-865
[19]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 383 389
[20]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 390 397
[21]. Rutherford OM, Jones DA. The role of learning and coordination in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 55, 1986, 100 105
[22]. Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand, 230, 1989, 20 24.
References
[1]. Bertozzi L, Gardenghi I, Turoni F et al. Effect of therapeutic exercise on pain and disability in the management of chronic nonspecific neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Phys Ther. 93(8), 2013, 1026-36
[2]. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, et al. The annual incidence and course of neck pain in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Pain J. 112, 2004, 267–73.
[3]. Jeroen A.J. Borghouts, Bart W. Koes, Lex M. Bouter. The clinical course and prognostic factors of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Int Association for the study of Pain, 77(1), 1998, 1-13
[4]. Domenech, MA., Sizer, PS., et al.The deep neck flexor endurance test: Normative data scores in healthy adults. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3, 2011, 105-110
[5]. Grimmer, K. Measuring the endurance capacity of cervical short flexor muscle group. Aust J Physiother. 40, 1994, 251-254
[6]. Alka Pawalia, Vikram singh Yadav et al. Deep Neck Flexor Endurance: A Normative Data Score in Normal Healthy Indian Population. Indian journal of applied research, 5(8), 2015, 217-220
[7]. Rattaporn Sihawong, Prawit Janwantanakul et al. Exercise therapy for office workers with nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 34(1), 2011, 62 71
[8]. Md. Nezamuddin, Shahnawaz Anwer, Sohrab Ahmad Khan et al. Efficacy of pressure biofeedback guided deep cervical flexor training on neck pain and muscle performance in visual display terminal operators. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 16(3), 2013.
[9]. Sudarat Borisut, Mantana Vongsirinavarat et al. Effects of strength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles on muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain. J. phys. Ther. Sci 25, 2013, 1157 1162
[10]. Falla D, O'Leary S, Farina D et al.The change in deep cervical flexor activity following training is associated with the degree of pain reduction in patients with chronic neck pain; clinical journal of pain, 28(7), 2012, 628
634
[11]. Jerrold S.Petrofsky, Jennifer Batt, Nicceta Davis et al. Core Muscle Activity During Exercise on a Mini Stability Ball Compared With Abdominal Crunches on the Floor and on a Swiss Ball. The Journal of Applied Research, 7(3), 2007, 200725.657
[12]. Stanton R, Reaburn PR, Humphries B. The effect of short term swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 2004, 522 528
[13]. Ilsub Jun, Kyoung Kim. A Comparison of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Thicknesses in Subjects with and without Neck Pain during Craniocervical Flexion Exercises. J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 25(11), 2013, 1373–1375
[14]. Jill Lucas Findle, marco monticone, evangelos pappas et al. Biofeedback for neck pain. Cochrane Back and Neck Group 2015.
[15]. Sin ho chung, jin gang her, taesung ko et al. Effects of exercise on deep cervical flexors in patient with chronic neck pain. J Phys Ther sci, 24, 2012, 629 632
[16]. Parvathy.s, Vaishali Sreejith. A Comparative study between the efficacy of swiss ball exercise v/s pressure biofeedback training on pain, mobility and functional disability in computer professionals with non-specific neck pain. IJMAES, September 3(3), 2017, 379-389
[17]. Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Reena Rajan, Sohrab Ahmed Khan et al. Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Disability of School Teachers with Neck Pain. J Phys Ther Sci, 25(6), 2013, 657 661
[18]. Marloes thoomes-de graaf, Maarten a. Schmitt. The Effect of Training the Deep Cervical Flexors on Neck Pain, Neck Mobility, and Dizziness in a Patient With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain After Prolonged Bed Rest: A Case Report. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, october 2012, volume 42, number 10, 858-865
[19]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 383 389
[20]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 390 397
[21]. Rutherford OM, Jones DA. The role of learning and coordination in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 55, 1986, 100 105
[22]. Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand, 230, 1989, 20 24.
[2]. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, et al. The annual incidence and course of neck pain in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Pain J. 112, 2004, 267–73.
[3]. Jeroen A.J. Borghouts, Bart W. Koes, Lex M. Bouter. The clinical course and prognostic factors of non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Int Association for the study of Pain, 77(1), 1998, 1-13
[4]. Domenech, MA., Sizer, PS., et al.The deep neck flexor endurance test: Normative data scores in healthy adults. The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3, 2011, 105-110
[5]. Grimmer, K. Measuring the endurance capacity of cervical short flexor muscle group. Aust J Physiother. 40, 1994, 251-254
[6]. Alka Pawalia, Vikram singh Yadav et al. Deep Neck Flexor Endurance: A Normative Data Score in Normal Healthy Indian Population. Indian journal of applied research, 5(8), 2015, 217-220
[7]. Rattaporn Sihawong, Prawit Janwantanakul et al. Exercise therapy for office workers with nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 34(1), 2011, 62 71
[8]. Md. Nezamuddin, Shahnawaz Anwer, Sohrab Ahmad Khan et al. Efficacy of pressure biofeedback guided deep cervical flexor training on neck pain and muscle performance in visual display terminal operators. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research, 16(3), 2013.
[9]. Sudarat Borisut, Mantana Vongsirinavarat et al. Effects of strength and endurance training of superficial and deep neck muscles on muscle activities and pain levels of females with chronic neck pain. J. phys. Ther. Sci 25, 2013, 1157 1162
[10]. Falla D, O'Leary S, Farina D et al.The change in deep cervical flexor activity following training is associated with the degree of pain reduction in patients with chronic neck pain; clinical journal of pain, 28(7), 2012, 628
634
[11]. Jerrold S.Petrofsky, Jennifer Batt, Nicceta Davis et al. Core Muscle Activity During Exercise on a Mini Stability Ball Compared With Abdominal Crunches on the Floor and on a Swiss Ball. The Journal of Applied Research, 7(3), 2007, 200725.657
[12]. Stanton R, Reaburn PR, Humphries B. The effect of short term swiss ball training on core stability and running economy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 2004, 522 528
[13]. Ilsub Jun, Kyoung Kim. A Comparison of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Thicknesses in Subjects with and without Neck Pain during Craniocervical Flexion Exercises. J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 25(11), 2013, 1373–1375
[14]. Jill Lucas Findle, marco monticone, evangelos pappas et al. Biofeedback for neck pain. Cochrane Back and Neck Group 2015.
[15]. Sin ho chung, jin gang her, taesung ko et al. Effects of exercise on deep cervical flexors in patient with chronic neck pain. J Phys Ther sci, 24, 2012, 629 632
[16]. Parvathy.s, Vaishali Sreejith. A Comparative study between the efficacy of swiss ball exercise v/s pressure biofeedback training on pain, mobility and functional disability in computer professionals with non-specific neck pain. IJMAES, September 3(3), 2017, 379-389
[17]. Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Reena Rajan, Sohrab Ahmed Khan et al. Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Disability of School Teachers with Neck Pain. J Phys Ther Sci, 25(6), 2013, 657 661
[18]. Marloes thoomes-de graaf, Maarten a. Schmitt. The Effect of Training the Deep Cervical Flexors on Neck Pain, Neck Mobility, and Dizziness in a Patient With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain After Prolonged Bed Rest: A Case Report. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, october 2012, volume 42, number 10, 858-865
[19]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 383 389
[20]. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord, 5, 1992, 390 397
[21]. Rutherford OM, Jones DA. The role of learning and coordination in strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol, 55, 1986, 100 105
[22]. Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand, 230, 1989, 20 24.