Copyright (c) 2020 Asmaa Darwish
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Overview on Recurrence Pregnancy Loss Etiology and Risk Factors
Corresponding Author(s) : Asmaa Darwish
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014): 2014 Volume 2- Issue -2
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) can be defined as more than two to three consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks’ gestation; it affects approximately 1% to 2% of women. RPL is a multifactorial disease. It is very important to study the etiology and risk factors of RPL to find the best diagnostic tests and suitable therapeutic intervention. This article will discuss the current understanding etiologies and risk factors of RPL.
Keywords
Recurrence Pregnancy Loss
Etiology
Risk Factors
References
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[1] Jeddi-Tehrani M, Torabi R, Mohammadzadeh A et al. Investigating Association of Three Polymorphisms of Coagulation Factor XIII and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 212–217 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00838.x
[2] Van Niekerk EC, Siebert I, Kruger TF. An evidence-based approach to recurrent pregnancy loss. SAJOG 2013; 19( 3): 61-6.
[3] Ayse SEYHAN1, Baris ATA, Bulent URMAN. EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH TO RECURRENT MISCARNAGE. Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology2011; 8 (1): 5- 20
[4] Ford BH and Schust DJ. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Rev Obstet Gynecol (2009); 2(2): 76-88.
[5] The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and Treatment of Recurrent pregnancy Loss: A committee opinion. ASRM (2012); 98 (5): 1103-1110.
[6] Hudecova M, Holte J, Olovsson M, Sundstr?m Poromaa I. Long-term follow-up of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Reproductive outcome and ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2009; 24(5):1176- 1183. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den482]
[7] Arredondo F and Noble LS. Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24: 33- 9.
[8] Fox-Lee L, Schust DJ. Recurrent pregnancy loss. In: Berek JS, ed. Berek and Novak’s Gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:1277-1322.
[9] Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P, et al. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:171-196.
[10] Haas DM, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD003511.
[11] De la Rochebrochard E, Thonneau P. Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage: Results of a multicentre European study. Hum Reprod 2002;17(6):1649-1656. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.6.1649]
References
[1] Jeddi-Tehrani M, Torabi R, Mohammadzadeh A et al. Investigating Association of Three Polymorphisms of Coagulation Factor XIII and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 212–217 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00838.x
[2] Van Niekerk EC, Siebert I, Kruger TF. An evidence-based approach to recurrent pregnancy loss. SAJOG 2013; 19( 3): 61-6.
[3] Ayse SEYHAN1, Baris ATA, Bulent URMAN. EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH TO RECURRENT MISCARNAGE. Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology2011; 8 (1): 5- 20
[4] Ford BH and Schust DJ. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Rev Obstet Gynecol (2009); 2(2): 76-88.
[5] The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and Treatment of Recurrent pregnancy Loss: A committee opinion. ASRM (2012); 98 (5): 1103-1110.
[6] Hudecova M, Holte J, Olovsson M, Sundstr?m Poromaa I. Long-term follow-up of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Reproductive outcome and ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2009; 24(5):1176- 1183. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den482]
[7] Arredondo F and Noble LS. Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24: 33- 9.
[8] Fox-Lee L, Schust DJ. Recurrent pregnancy loss. In: Berek JS, ed. Berek and Novak’s Gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:1277-1322.
[9] Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P, et al. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:171-196.
[10] Haas DM, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD003511.
[11] De la Rochebrochard E, Thonneau P. Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage: Results of a multicentre European study. Hum Reprod 2002;17(6):1649-1656. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.6.1649]
[2] Van Niekerk EC, Siebert I, Kruger TF. An evidence-based approach to recurrent pregnancy loss. SAJOG 2013; 19( 3): 61-6.
[3] Ayse SEYHAN1, Baris ATA, Bulent URMAN. EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH TO RECURRENT MISCARNAGE. Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology2011; 8 (1): 5- 20
[4] Ford BH and Schust DJ. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Rev Obstet Gynecol (2009); 2(2): 76-88.
[5] The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Evaluation and Treatment of Recurrent pregnancy Loss: A committee opinion. ASRM (2012); 98 (5): 1103-1110.
[6] Hudecova M, Holte J, Olovsson M, Sundstr?m Poromaa I. Long-term follow-up of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Reproductive outcome and ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2009; 24(5):1176- 1183. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/den482]
[7] Arredondo F and Noble LS. Endocrinology of recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24: 33- 9.
[8] Fox-Lee L, Schust DJ. Recurrent pregnancy loss. In: Berek JS, ed. Berek and Novak’s Gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:1277-1322.
[9] Robertson L, Wu O, Langhorne P, et al. Thrombophilia in pregnancy: a systematic review. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:171-196.
[10] Haas DM, Ramsey PS. Progestogen for preventing miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD003511.
[11] De la Rochebrochard E, Thonneau P. Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage: Results of a multicentre European study. Hum Reprod 2002;17(6):1649-1656. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.6.1649]