Comparative analysis of phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of different extracts of azadirachtaindicaleaves
Corresponding Author(s) : MeenakshiBhardwaj
rmaninder11@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2017): 2017 Volume 5- Issue -4
Abstract
Introduction
The present study was designed to compare phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of different extracts of leaves of Azardirachtaindica from Himachal Pradesh. In this study, different extracts of Azadirachtaindica leaves are screened for the occurrence of bioactive compounds.
Objectives
Analysis of Phytochemicals in various extracts of Azadirachtaindicaleaves.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Azadirachtaindicaleaves againstE.coliandS.aureus.usingDPPH radical scavenging assay.
Material & Methods
The disc diffusion method was used to detect antibacterial activity of different extracts of Azadirachtaindicaleaves against gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as S. aureus, and E. coli respectively. The methanolic extract showed the more antibacterial and antioxidant activity as compared to that of other extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was performed to check antioxidant potential of A. indiaca. Phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, alkaloid, protein/amino acid, carbohydrates and steroids in different extracts of the A. indica leaves.
Results
The findings suggested that phytochemicals present in A. indica leavesare potentially beneficial as therapeutic and antioxidative agents in pharmaceuticals, medicinal and food industries.
Keywords
Azadirachtaindica
methanol extract
Chloroform extract
Ethyl acetate extract
Aqueous extract
Antimicrobial activity
S. aureus, E. coli
DPPH
1.
MeenakshiBhardwaj. Comparative analysis of phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of different extracts of azadirachtaindicaleaves. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2020 Aug. 9 [cited 2025 Jul. 13];5(4):970-8. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/472
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References
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Shirish.S; Hepatoprotection study of leaves powder of A.indica A. juss. International Journal of pharmaceutical and science review and research. 2010, 32-45.
[2]. Girish K. and Bhat SS;.Neem – A Green Treasure. Electronic Journal of Biology.,2008, 102-111.
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[4]. Singh N and Sastry MS. Antimicrobial activity of neem oil. Indian journal ofpharmacology. 1997, 102-106.
[5]. Bandyopadhyayet al.Clinical study of effect of neem bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. Life sciences. 2004, 2867-2878.
[6]. DebjitBhowmik, Chirnajib, JitenderYadav, K.K. Tripathi,K.P. Sampath Kumar, Herbabal remedies of A.indica and its medicinal application,J .Chem. Pharm. Res., 2(1), 2010, 62-72.
[7]. Zong A et al., Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research,” Carbohydrate polymers. 2012, 1345-1410.
[8]. Govindachari T R , Suresh G , Gopalakrishnan G , Banumathy B and Masilamani S;. “Identification of antifungal compounds from the seed oil of Azadirachtaindica,” Phytoparasitica. 1998, 109–116.
Meenakshi B et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-5(4) 2017 [970-978]
978
[9]. Kher A and Chaurasia SC; Antifungal activity of essential oil of three medicinal plants. Indian drugs. 1997, 41-42.
[10]. Ghimeray A.K, Jin C.W, Ghimire B.K, Che D H. Antioxidantactivity and quantitative estimation of Azadirachtinand Nimbin in Azadirachtaindica. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology. 2009, 541684–5315.
[11]. Arumugam A, Pomellaagullo, ThiyogarajanBoopalan,SushmitaNandy, Rebecca Lopez,Christina Gutierrez. Journal of cancer biology and therapy, 15, 2014.
[12]. Okpanyi, S. N. and Ezeukwv G. C. Anti-inflammatory &Antipyretic activities of Azadirachtaindica. Planta Med., 41, 1981, 34–39. [13]. Sen, P., Medinata, P. K. and Ray, A. Effects of Azadirachtaindica A Juss on some biochemical, immunological and visceral parameters in normal and stressed rats. Indian J. Exp.Biol., 12, 1992, 1170–1175. [14]. Ray, A., Banerjee, B. D. and Sen, P. Modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by Azadirachtaindica (Neem) in mice.Indian J Exp Biol. 34(7), 1996, 698-701
[15]. Murty, K. S., Rao, D. N., Rao, D. K. and Murty, L. B. G. A preliminary study on the hypoglycemic &antihyperglycemic effects of Azadirachtaindica. Indian J. Pharmacol., 10, 1978, 247–250.
[16]. El-Hawary, Z. M. and Kholief, T. S. Biochemical studies on hypoglycemic agents. Effect of Azadirachtaindica leaf extract. Arch. Pharmacol. Res., 13, 1990, 108–112.
[17]. Garg, G. P., Nigam, S. K. and Ogle, C. W. gastric antiulcer effect of the leaves of the neem tree. Planta Med., 59, 1993, 215–217. [18]. Despande, V. Y., Mendulkar, K. N. and Sadre, N. L. Male antifertility activity of AzadirachtaIndica in mice.J. Postgrad.Med. (Bombay), 26, 1980, 167–170. [19]. Khalid, S. A., Farouk, A., Geary, T. G. and Jensen, J. B. Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: and in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum.J Ethnopharmacol. 15(2), 1986, 201-9.
[20]. Pongtip S, Wandee G. Free radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content of siameseneem tree leaf Aqueous extract from different locations. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 32, 2005, 31-35
[21]. Khan M, Wassilew SW, Schmutterer H, Ascher KR. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants.Proceedings of 3rd International Neem Conference, Eschborn, Germany. 1987, 460-466.
[22]. Subapriya R, Nagini S;. Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Current Medicinal Chemistry: Anticancer Agents. 5: 2005, 149-160.
[23]. Singh PP, Junnarkar AY, Reddi GS, Singh KV. Azadirachtaindicaneuro-ycho pharmacological and antimicrobial studies.Fitoterapia. 58, 1987, 233-238.
References
Shirish.S; Hepatoprotection study of leaves powder of A.indica A. juss. International Journal of pharmaceutical and science review and research. 2010, 32-45.
[2]. Girish K. and Bhat SS;.Neem – A Green Treasure. Electronic Journal of Biology.,2008, 102-111.
[3]. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee R K, and Bandyopadhyay U; Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem(Azadirachtaindica). Current science. 82, 2002, 1336–1345.
[4]. Singh N and Sastry MS. Antimicrobial activity of neem oil. Indian journal ofpharmacology. 1997, 102-106.
[5]. Bandyopadhyayet al.Clinical study of effect of neem bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. Life sciences. 2004, 2867-2878.
[6]. DebjitBhowmik, Chirnajib, JitenderYadav, K.K. Tripathi,K.P. Sampath Kumar, Herbabal remedies of A.indica and its medicinal application,J .Chem. Pharm. Res., 2(1), 2010, 62-72.
[7]. Zong A et al., Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research,” Carbohydrate polymers. 2012, 1345-1410.
[8]. Govindachari T R , Suresh G , Gopalakrishnan G , Banumathy B and Masilamani S;. “Identification of antifungal compounds from the seed oil of Azadirachtaindica,” Phytoparasitica. 1998, 109–116.
Meenakshi B et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-5(4) 2017 [970-978]
978
[9]. Kher A and Chaurasia SC; Antifungal activity of essential oil of three medicinal plants. Indian drugs. 1997, 41-42.
[10]. Ghimeray A.K, Jin C.W, Ghimire B.K, Che D H. Antioxidantactivity and quantitative estimation of Azadirachtinand Nimbin in Azadirachtaindica. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology. 2009, 541684–5315.
[11]. Arumugam A, Pomellaagullo, ThiyogarajanBoopalan,SushmitaNandy, Rebecca Lopez,Christina Gutierrez. Journal of cancer biology and therapy, 15, 2014.
[12]. Okpanyi, S. N. and Ezeukwv G. C. Anti-inflammatory &Antipyretic activities of Azadirachtaindica. Planta Med., 41, 1981, 34–39. [13]. Sen, P., Medinata, P. K. and Ray, A. Effects of Azadirachtaindica A Juss on some biochemical, immunological and visceral parameters in normal and stressed rats. Indian J. Exp.Biol., 12, 1992, 1170–1175. [14]. Ray, A., Banerjee, B. D. and Sen, P. Modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by Azadirachtaindica (Neem) in mice.Indian J Exp Biol. 34(7), 1996, 698-701
[15]. Murty, K. S., Rao, D. N., Rao, D. K. and Murty, L. B. G. A preliminary study on the hypoglycemic &antihyperglycemic effects of Azadirachtaindica. Indian J. Pharmacol., 10, 1978, 247–250.
[16]. El-Hawary, Z. M. and Kholief, T. S. Biochemical studies on hypoglycemic agents. Effect of Azadirachtaindica leaf extract. Arch. Pharmacol. Res., 13, 1990, 108–112.
[17]. Garg, G. P., Nigam, S. K. and Ogle, C. W. gastric antiulcer effect of the leaves of the neem tree. Planta Med., 59, 1993, 215–217. [18]. Despande, V. Y., Mendulkar, K. N. and Sadre, N. L. Male antifertility activity of AzadirachtaIndica in mice.J. Postgrad.Med. (Bombay), 26, 1980, 167–170. [19]. Khalid, S. A., Farouk, A., Geary, T. G. and Jensen, J. B. Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: and in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum.J Ethnopharmacol. 15(2), 1986, 201-9.
[20]. Pongtip S, Wandee G. Free radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content of siameseneem tree leaf Aqueous extract from different locations. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 32, 2005, 31-35
[21]. Khan M, Wassilew SW, Schmutterer H, Ascher KR. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants.Proceedings of 3rd International Neem Conference, Eschborn, Germany. 1987, 460-466.
[22]. Subapriya R, Nagini S;. Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Current Medicinal Chemistry: Anticancer Agents. 5: 2005, 149-160.
[23]. Singh PP, Junnarkar AY, Reddi GS, Singh KV. Azadirachtaindicaneuro-ycho pharmacological and antimicrobial studies.Fitoterapia. 58, 1987, 233-238.
[2]. Girish K. and Bhat SS;.Neem – A Green Treasure. Electronic Journal of Biology.,2008, 102-111.
[3]. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee R K, and Bandyopadhyay U; Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem(Azadirachtaindica). Current science. 82, 2002, 1336–1345.
[4]. Singh N and Sastry MS. Antimicrobial activity of neem oil. Indian journal ofpharmacology. 1997, 102-106.
[5]. Bandyopadhyayet al.Clinical study of effect of neem bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. Life sciences. 2004, 2867-2878.
[6]. DebjitBhowmik, Chirnajib, JitenderYadav, K.K. Tripathi,K.P. Sampath Kumar, Herbabal remedies of A.indica and its medicinal application,J .Chem. Pharm. Res., 2(1), 2010, 62-72.
[7]. Zong A et al., Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: a review of recent research,” Carbohydrate polymers. 2012, 1345-1410.
[8]. Govindachari T R , Suresh G , Gopalakrishnan G , Banumathy B and Masilamani S;. “Identification of antifungal compounds from the seed oil of Azadirachtaindica,” Phytoparasitica. 1998, 109–116.
Meenakshi B et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-5(4) 2017 [970-978]
978
[9]. Kher A and Chaurasia SC; Antifungal activity of essential oil of three medicinal plants. Indian drugs. 1997, 41-42.
[10]. Ghimeray A.K, Jin C.W, Ghimire B.K, Che D H. Antioxidantactivity and quantitative estimation of Azadirachtinand Nimbin in Azadirachtaindica. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology. 2009, 541684–5315.
[11]. Arumugam A, Pomellaagullo, ThiyogarajanBoopalan,SushmitaNandy, Rebecca Lopez,Christina Gutierrez. Journal of cancer biology and therapy, 15, 2014.
[12]. Okpanyi, S. N. and Ezeukwv G. C. Anti-inflammatory &Antipyretic activities of Azadirachtaindica. Planta Med., 41, 1981, 34–39. [13]. Sen, P., Medinata, P. K. and Ray, A. Effects of Azadirachtaindica A Juss on some biochemical, immunological and visceral parameters in normal and stressed rats. Indian J. Exp.Biol., 12, 1992, 1170–1175. [14]. Ray, A., Banerjee, B. D. and Sen, P. Modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by Azadirachtaindica (Neem) in mice.Indian J Exp Biol. 34(7), 1996, 698-701
[15]. Murty, K. S., Rao, D. N., Rao, D. K. and Murty, L. B. G. A preliminary study on the hypoglycemic &antihyperglycemic effects of Azadirachtaindica. Indian J. Pharmacol., 10, 1978, 247–250.
[16]. El-Hawary, Z. M. and Kholief, T. S. Biochemical studies on hypoglycemic agents. Effect of Azadirachtaindica leaf extract. Arch. Pharmacol. Res., 13, 1990, 108–112.
[17]. Garg, G. P., Nigam, S. K. and Ogle, C. W. gastric antiulcer effect of the leaves of the neem tree. Planta Med., 59, 1993, 215–217. [18]. Despande, V. Y., Mendulkar, K. N. and Sadre, N. L. Male antifertility activity of AzadirachtaIndica in mice.J. Postgrad.Med. (Bombay), 26, 1980, 167–170. [19]. Khalid, S. A., Farouk, A., Geary, T. G. and Jensen, J. B. Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: and in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum.J Ethnopharmacol. 15(2), 1986, 201-9.
[20]. Pongtip S, Wandee G. Free radical scavenging activity and total flavonoid content of siameseneem tree leaf Aqueous extract from different locations. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 32, 2005, 31-35
[21]. Khan M, Wassilew SW, Schmutterer H, Ascher KR. Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants.Proceedings of 3rd International Neem Conference, Eschborn, Germany. 1987, 460-466.
[22]. Subapriya R, Nagini S;. Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Current Medicinal Chemistry: Anticancer Agents. 5: 2005, 149-160.
[23]. Singh PP, Junnarkar AY, Reddi GS, Singh KV. Azadirachtaindicaneuro-ycho pharmacological and antimicrobial studies.Fitoterapia. 58, 1987, 233-238.