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Efficacy of yoga to improve balance and reduce fall in community dwelling elders who are at risk of fall
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr. Snehal Chincholkar
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2017): 2017 Volume 5- Issue -4
Abstract
Identification of older adults who are at a risk for falling is a vital medical concern. Falls are common events in the lives of older people and can result in a range of adverse outcomes, from minor bruises to fractures, disability, dependence and death. With age, balance abilities decline and become harder to control, which results in an increased risk of falling, even in the absence of specific neurological or musculoskeletal problems. TUG a simple screening test for measuring the probability for fall among elders and Modified fall efficacy scale for determination of measuring fear of falling. Yoga, with its gentle movements, can address known fall risk factors (poor balance, impaired mobility, reduced strength and flexibility) and focus on increased awareness and proprioception, resulting in decreased fear of fall and improved balance in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga to improve balance and reduce fall in community dwelling elders at risk of fall. 100 subject were taken with consent and 6weeks protocol Yoga was given. Yoga Asanas were uttkatasana, tadasana, vrukshasana, trikonasana, virbhadrasana (position 1 & 2). First 3 week Yoga exercises were performed with support of walls and chair.(in the modified form). In the next 3 weeks yoga exercises were progressed by performing without support and increasing the hold time of asanas. Results obtain were that the functional mobility (TUG), and fear of falling (MFES) showed more improvement. Therefore Yoga is effective to improve balance and reduce risk of fall.
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Anne Shumway-Cook, Margaret Baldwin, Nayak L Polissar and William Gruber.Predicting the Probability for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PHYS THER.77, 1997, 812-819.
[2]. Anderw A. Guccione. Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2, 2000, John schrefer.
[3]. Jiejiao Zheng, Yujian Pan, Yinghui Hua, Haimin Shen, Xueqiang Wang, Ying Zhang, Yujing Fan and Zhuowei Yu. Strategic targeted exercise for preventing falls in elderly people. Journal of International Medical Research. 41(2), 2012, 418–426.
[4]. Aline H. Karuka, Jose A. M. G. Silva, Marcelo T. Navega. Analysis of agreement of assessment tools of body balance in the elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter, Sao Carlos, 15(6), 2011, 460-6.
[5]. Suraj Kumar, G VenuVendhan, DrSachinAwasthi, MadhusudanTiwari, Prof VP Sharma. Relationship between Fear of Falling, Balance Impairments and functional Mobility in Community Dwelling Elderly. IJPMR 19(2), 2008, 48-52.
[6]. Goncalves DFF, Ricci NA, Coimbra AMV. Functional balance among older adults from the community: a comparison of their history of fall. 13(4), 2009, 316-23
[7]. Nilima Patel. Yoga and Rehabilitation. Complete Surrender to the Almighty.
[8]. Arlene A. Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, David M. Koceja.Effect of 12-week yoga Intervention on Fear of Falling and Balance in older Adults: A Pilot Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 2010, 576-583Campbell, A et.al, Journal of Gerontology, 44, 1989, M112-7.
[9]. S Dutta Ray. Yogic Exercises, Physiologic and Psychic Processes.
[10]. Sihvonen SE, Sipilia S, Era PA. Changes in postural balance in frail elderly women during 4-week visual feedback training: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontology. 50(2), 2004, 87-95.
[11]. Lord SR, Castell s, Corcoran J, Dayhew J, Matters B, Shan A, Williams P. The effect of group exercise on physical functioning and falls in frail older people living in retirement villages: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 51(12), 2003, 1685-92.
[12]. Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Garden MM, Norton RN, tiltyard MW, Buchner DM. Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ. 25, 1997, 315(7115), 1065-9
[13]. King AC, Rejeski WJ, Buchner DM. Physical activity interventions targeting older adults: a critical review and recommendations. Am J Prev Med. 15, 1998, 316–333.
[14]. Arlene Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, Nancy L. Schalk. Yoga helps target falls, fear in older patients. 2010.
[15]. Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby. Therapeutic exercises. Fifth Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher (P) Ltd., 2007.
[16]. Arlene A. Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, David M. Koceja.Effect of 12-week yoga Intervention on Fear of Falling and Balance in older Adults: A Pilot Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2010 April Vol. 91: page 576-583Campbell, A et.al, Journal of Gerontology, 44, 1989, M112-7.
[17]. Mary Lou Galantino, Laurie Green, Jason A DeCesari, Nicole A MacKain, Stephen M Rinaldi, Maureen E Stevens, Vanessa R Wurst, Robert marsico et,al. Safety and feasibility of modified chair-yoga on functional outcome among elderly at risk for falls. International Journal of Yoga. 5(2), 2012, 146–150. Doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.98242.
[18]. Man-Ying Wang, Sean S-Y Yu, Rami Hashish, Sachithra D Samarawickrame, Leslie Kazadi, Gail A Greendale, George Salem. The biomechanical demands of standing yoga poses in seniors: The Yoga
Snehal C et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-5(4) 2017 [958-964]
964
empowers seniors study (YESS) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine; 13(8), 2013 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-8
[19]. Anne Barnett, Ben Smith, Stephen r. Lord, Mandy Williams, Adrian Baumand. Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, British geriatrics society; 32(4), 2003, 407–414.
[20]. Stephen R. Lord, Catherine Sherrington and Hylton B. Menz. Falls in older people Risk factors and strategies for prevention.
[21]. John T Chang, ohn T Chang, Sally C Morton, , Laurence Z Rubenstein, Walter A Mojica, Margaret Maglione, Marika J Suttorp, Elizabeth A Roth, Paul G Shekelle. Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 18, 2004, 328:680.
References
[2]. Anderw A. Guccione. Geriatric Physical Therapy. 2, 2000, John schrefer.
[3]. Jiejiao Zheng, Yujian Pan, Yinghui Hua, Haimin Shen, Xueqiang Wang, Ying Zhang, Yujing Fan and Zhuowei Yu. Strategic targeted exercise for preventing falls in elderly people. Journal of International Medical Research. 41(2), 2012, 418–426.
[4]. Aline H. Karuka, Jose A. M. G. Silva, Marcelo T. Navega. Analysis of agreement of assessment tools of body balance in the elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter, Sao Carlos, 15(6), 2011, 460-6.
[5]. Suraj Kumar, G VenuVendhan, DrSachinAwasthi, MadhusudanTiwari, Prof VP Sharma. Relationship between Fear of Falling, Balance Impairments and functional Mobility in Community Dwelling Elderly. IJPMR 19(2), 2008, 48-52.
[6]. Goncalves DFF, Ricci NA, Coimbra AMV. Functional balance among older adults from the community: a comparison of their history of fall. 13(4), 2009, 316-23
[7]. Nilima Patel. Yoga and Rehabilitation. Complete Surrender to the Almighty.
[8]. Arlene A. Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, David M. Koceja.Effect of 12-week yoga Intervention on Fear of Falling and Balance in older Adults: A Pilot Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 2010, 576-583Campbell, A et.al, Journal of Gerontology, 44, 1989, M112-7.
[9]. S Dutta Ray. Yogic Exercises, Physiologic and Psychic Processes.
[10]. Sihvonen SE, Sipilia S, Era PA. Changes in postural balance in frail elderly women during 4-week visual feedback training: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontology. 50(2), 2004, 87-95.
[11]. Lord SR, Castell s, Corcoran J, Dayhew J, Matters B, Shan A, Williams P. The effect of group exercise on physical functioning and falls in frail older people living in retirement villages: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 51(12), 2003, 1685-92.
[12]. Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Garden MM, Norton RN, tiltyard MW, Buchner DM. Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ. 25, 1997, 315(7115), 1065-9
[13]. King AC, Rejeski WJ, Buchner DM. Physical activity interventions targeting older adults: a critical review and recommendations. Am J Prev Med. 15, 1998, 316–333.
[14]. Arlene Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, Nancy L. Schalk. Yoga helps target falls, fear in older patients. 2010.
[15]. Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby. Therapeutic exercises. Fifth Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher (P) Ltd., 2007.
[16]. Arlene A. Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, David M. Koceja.Effect of 12-week yoga Intervention on Fear of Falling and Balance in older Adults: A Pilot Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2010 April Vol. 91: page 576-583Campbell, A et.al, Journal of Gerontology, 44, 1989, M112-7.
[17]. Mary Lou Galantino, Laurie Green, Jason A DeCesari, Nicole A MacKain, Stephen M Rinaldi, Maureen E Stevens, Vanessa R Wurst, Robert marsico et,al. Safety and feasibility of modified chair-yoga on functional outcome among elderly at risk for falls. International Journal of Yoga. 5(2), 2012, 146–150. Doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.98242.
[18]. Man-Ying Wang, Sean S-Y Yu, Rami Hashish, Sachithra D Samarawickrame, Leslie Kazadi, Gail A Greendale, George Salem. The biomechanical demands of standing yoga poses in seniors: The Yoga
Snehal C et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-5(4) 2017 [958-964]
964
empowers seniors study (YESS) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine; 13(8), 2013 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-8
[19]. Anne Barnett, Ben Smith, Stephen r. Lord, Mandy Williams, Adrian Baumand. Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing, British geriatrics society; 32(4), 2003, 407–414.
[20]. Stephen R. Lord, Catherine Sherrington and Hylton B. Menz. Falls in older people Risk factors and strategies for prevention.
[21]. John T Chang, ohn T Chang, Sally C Morton, , Laurence Z Rubenstein, Walter A Mojica, Margaret Maglione, Marika J Suttorp, Elizabeth A Roth, Paul G Shekelle. Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 18, 2004, 328:680.