A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Paced Breathing Versus Back Massage for Labour Pain Among Antenatal Mothers During Labour Process
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr. P. Kavitha
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013): 2013 Volume 1- Issue -2
Abstract
Introduction: Labour pain is unique and induces a type of acute pain. Pain associated with labour was accepted as a necessary part of child birth. The concept of painless childbirth gave rise to many scientific discoveries and researches. As a result, different non-pharmacologic techniques were tried out to relieve labour pain. There are a number of non-pharmacological methods which can help women to relax during contractions. The breathing techniques, massage, simple back rubbing and positioning are also widely used as an active way of handling the discomfort during labour.
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of paced breathing and back massage in labor pain management.
The following objectives were set for the study:
To assess the demographic variables of the antenatal mothers.
To determine the effectiveness of paced breathing in Group I.
To determine the effectiveness of back massage in Group II.
To compare the effectiveness of paced breathing with back massage.
Methodology: The conceptual frame work of the study was based on the Wiedenbach’s prescriptive theory. The study made use of quasi experimental design with 2 groups. Purposive sampling method was used to select the samples. The total numberof samples was 200 in which 100 samples for each group for the study. The first obtained 100 samples were allotted for group I and the second obtained 100 samples were allotted for group II.The tool used in this study was visual analogue scale for pain assessment. The paced breathing was implied for Group I and back massage was implied for Group II for one hour each. The level of pain was assessed by using visual analogue scale for both group I and group II respectively. The gathered data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The major findings of the study were: There was significant difference between pre assessment and post assessment level of pain (‘t’value=16.066) in Group I.There was significant difference between pre assessment and post assessment level of pain (‘t’value=12.961) in Group II. There was no major difference between post assessment level of pain in Group I and Group II. The post assessment mean score of pain in Group II (3.58) was lower than the post assessment mean score of pain in Group I (3.78), the independent ‘t’ value was 0.5.
Conclusion: Labour pain is the natural process among the labouring mothers. It is the responsibility of the nurse to reduce the level of pain as much as possible by various nonpharmacological measures. In this aspect, measures like paced breathing and back massage have proven to be one of the effective nonpharmacological measures. So the investigator recommends that the nurse can use these measures in the labour ward.
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1. Bennet Ruth; and Brown, K. Linda (2000). Myles text book of midwifery. (13thed). Churchill Livingstone Publications.
2. BobakLowdermilk,et.al.,(1995).”Maternity Nursing“,(4th ed.). Missouri:Mosbys Company.
3. Bobak.I; Jensen, M. Maternity and Gynecologic care. The Nurse and the Family. (1989) St. Louis Mosby publishers.
4. Bobak; and Duncan, J.M (1991). Essential of Maternity Nursing, St. Louis Mosby Company.
5. Creehan,P.A.,(1996).”Perinatalnursing”, Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven.
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11. George,B.Julia.,(1995).”Nursing Theories”,(4th ed.).California: A Pearson Education Company.
12. Gurumani,N.,(2005).”An Introduction to Biostatitics”, (2nd ed.). Chennai:MJP Publishers.
13. Jacob Annamma,(2005).”A Comprehensive text book of Midwifery”,(1st ed.). NewDelhi: Jaypee brothers.
14. Ladewig,(1990).”Essentials of Maternal New Born Nursing “,(3rd ed.). California: Addision –Wesley Company.
15. Lamaze,F.,(2000).”Painless childbirth:The Lamaze method”New York.
16. Linda, C. Pugh, Ph.D. (2006). First stage of labour management. Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology 6(3), 143 – 148.
17. Littleton,Y.Lynna.,(2007).”Maternity Nursing Care”, (1st ed.). Haryana: Sanat Printers.
18. Lowdermilk, A.(1999). Maternity Nursing (5thed) London. Mosby Publications.
19. Mahajan,B.K.,(2005).”Methods in Biostatistics”,(6th ed.).New Delhi:Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 128
20. Marriner Ann,(2002).”Nursing Theorists and their work”,(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby publication.
21. Murray and McKinney,(1998).”Foundations of Maternal –Newborn Nursing”,(2nd ed.).Pennsylvania:WB Saunders Company.
22. Nichols, H.F. (1997). Maternal Newborn Nursing, Theory of practice, Philadelphia, W.B. Sounders Company.
23. Novaks. Text book of Gynaecology, (11thed). Bathimore. Williams and Wikm’s publications.
24. Padubidri,V; Ela Anand, Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1sted) B.I. Publications 262.
25. Park,K., (2007). “Preventive and social medicine”, (19th ed.). Jabalpur: BanarsidasBhanot.
26. Pillitteri, A.A. (1995). Maternal and Child Health Nursing Care of the Child Bearing & Child Rearing Family, (2nded)., Philadelphia. J.B. Lippincott company.
27. Polit and Hungler, (1999).” Nursing Research”, (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
28. Polit,D.F., (2008). “ Introduction to Nursing research”, (8th ed.). New Delhi: J.B. lippincott publications.
29. Reeder,J.S (1997). Maternity Nursing family newborn and women’s health care (18thed) Philadelphia. Lippincott Publications.
30. Scott,J et .al.,(1999).”Danforth’s obstetrics and gynecology”,(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Williams.
31. Smith,C.A. (2003). Complementary and Alternative Therapies for pain management in labour. The Cochrane library, Oxford.
32. Sundar Rao, P.S.S; of Richard J. (1997). An introduction to Biostatistics.A. manual for students in Heath sciences (3rded). New Delhi. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.
33. Whitely, N.A. Manual of Clinical Obstetrics.(1985). Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott company.
References
2. BobakLowdermilk,et.al.,(1995).”Maternity Nursing“,(4th ed.). Missouri:Mosbys Company.
3. Bobak.I; Jensen, M. Maternity and Gynecologic care. The Nurse and the Family. (1989) St. Louis Mosby publishers.
4. Bobak; and Duncan, J.M (1991). Essential of Maternity Nursing, St. Louis Mosby Company.
5. Creehan,P.A.,(1996).”Perinatalnursing”, Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven.
6. Curtis,B.Glade.,(2000).”Your pregnancy week by week”,(4th ed.). M.S. Pers publishers.
7. Dawn,C.S.,(2000).”Textbook of Obstetrics including perinatality and contraception”,( 3rded .). Calcutta: New Central Book Agency.
8. Dickason, et.al. (1994). Maternal Infant Nursing Care (2nded)., U.S.A Mosby company.
9. Dutta, C. (1992). Textbook of Obstetrics. (3rded) Calcutta, New Central Book Agency.
10. Dutta,D.C.,(2004).”Textbook of Obstetrics”, (4th ed.). Calcutta: New central book agency.
11. George,B.Julia.,(1995).”Nursing Theories”,(4th ed.).California: A Pearson Education Company.
12. Gurumani,N.,(2005).”An Introduction to Biostatitics”, (2nd ed.). Chennai:MJP Publishers.
13. Jacob Annamma,(2005).”A Comprehensive text book of Midwifery”,(1st ed.). NewDelhi: Jaypee brothers.
14. Ladewig,(1990).”Essentials of Maternal New Born Nursing “,(3rd ed.). California: Addision –Wesley Company.
15. Lamaze,F.,(2000).”Painless childbirth:The Lamaze method”New York.
16. Linda, C. Pugh, Ph.D. (2006). First stage of labour management. Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology 6(3), 143 – 148.
17. Littleton,Y.Lynna.,(2007).”Maternity Nursing Care”, (1st ed.). Haryana: Sanat Printers.
18. Lowdermilk, A.(1999). Maternity Nursing (5thed) London. Mosby Publications.
19. Mahajan,B.K.,(2005).”Methods in Biostatistics”,(6th ed.).New Delhi:Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 128
20. Marriner Ann,(2002).”Nursing Theorists and their work”,(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby publication.
21. Murray and McKinney,(1998).”Foundations of Maternal –Newborn Nursing”,(2nd ed.).Pennsylvania:WB Saunders Company.
22. Nichols, H.F. (1997). Maternal Newborn Nursing, Theory of practice, Philadelphia, W.B. Sounders Company.
23. Novaks. Text book of Gynaecology, (11thed). Bathimore. Williams and Wikm’s publications.
24. Padubidri,V; Ela Anand, Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1sted) B.I. Publications 262.
25. Park,K., (2007). “Preventive and social medicine”, (19th ed.). Jabalpur: BanarsidasBhanot.
26. Pillitteri, A.A. (1995). Maternal and Child Health Nursing Care of the Child Bearing & Child Rearing Family, (2nded)., Philadelphia. J.B. Lippincott company.
27. Polit and Hungler, (1999).” Nursing Research”, (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
28. Polit,D.F., (2008). “ Introduction to Nursing research”, (8th ed.). New Delhi: J.B. lippincott publications.
29. Reeder,J.S (1997). Maternity Nursing family newborn and women’s health care (18thed) Philadelphia. Lippincott Publications.
30. Scott,J et .al.,(1999).”Danforth’s obstetrics and gynecology”,(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Williams.
31. Smith,C.A. (2003). Complementary and Alternative Therapies for pain management in labour. The Cochrane library, Oxford.
32. Sundar Rao, P.S.S; of Richard J. (1997). An introduction to Biostatistics.A. manual for students in Heath sciences (3rded). New Delhi. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.
33. Whitely, N.A. Manual of Clinical Obstetrics.(1985). Philadelphia J.B. Lippincott company.