Determination of Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa Pterygosperma on Paracetamol Induced Nephrotoxic Rats
Corresponding Author(s) : Ashok Reddy.P
ramsarathkumar@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013): 2013 Volume 1- Issue -2
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the nephro protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa Pterygosperma against paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The study is carried out by using five groups of rats. Furosemide was taken as standard drug. The parameters estimated are RBC content, haemoglobin content, urea and creatinine levels. The extract showed nephro-protective activity by significantly reducing the levels of blood urea, serum creatinine, increasing the red blood cell count and haemoglobin content(P<0.01).
Keywords
Moringa Pterygosperma
paracetamol
nephrotoxicity
creatinine
1.
Reddy.P A, Lakshman.G, Kumar.M A, Kumar.M K, Vani.Ch D, Divya.Ch, et al. Determination of Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa Pterygosperma on Paracetamol Induced Nephrotoxic Rats. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2020 Jul. 30 [cited 2026 Apr. 17];1(2):51-6. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/31
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References
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[2] S.S.Agrawal and M.Paridhavi, Text book of Herbal Drug Technology, 1999, 1-26,490-491.
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[21] Clark DM. Anxiety disorders why they persist and how to treat them behavior. Res. and Therapy1999; 37:5-27.
[22] Wiebe E. A randomized trial of aromatherapy to reduce anxiety before abortion, Eff Clin Pract 2000; 3(38):166-169.
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[24] www.balancemindz.org
[25] Crestani F, Lorez M, Baer K, Essrich C, Benke D and Laurent JP. Decreased GABA-A receptor clustering results in enhanced anxiety and a bias for threat cues. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2:833–9.
[26] Nutt DJ, Glue P, Lawson C and Wilson S. Flumazenil provocation of panic attacks evidence for altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:917–25.
[27] Bremner JD, Innis RB, White T, Fujita M, Silbersweig D and Goddard AW. SPECT [I-123] iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:96–106.
[28] Kosel M, Rudolph U, Wielepp P, Luginbuhl M, Schmitt W and Fisch HU. GABA-A diminished receptor-binding capacity and a DNA base substitution in a patient with treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:347–50.
[29] Holmes A, Murphy DL and Crawley JN. Abnormal behavioral phenotypes of serotonin transporter knockout mice parallels with human anxiety and depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:953–9.
[30] Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, Southwick SM, Charney DS and Bremner JD. Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:693–702.
References
[1] Vinod.D.Rangari, Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vol-1, 2000, 6-27.
[2] S.S.Agrawal and M.Paridhavi, Text book of Herbal Drug Technology, 1999, 1-26,490-491.
[3] Lai P K Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive properties of Herbs and the Species, Curr Med Chem. (June-2004), 1451-60.
[4] Tapsell LC, Health benefits of Herbs and Species: The past, present and future. Med J Aust.1 (Aug-2006), 1702-2438.
[5] Reynolds EH, Brain and Mind a challenge for WHO Lancet.2003; 361:1924-1925.
[6] Zhang ZJ. Therapeutic effect of herbal extracts and constituents in animal model of psychiatric disorders, Life Science 2004; 75:1659-1699.
[7] Seligman MEP, Walker EF and Rosenhan DL. Abnormal psychology 4th edition New York W.W. Norton and Company Inc 2001.
[8] Ohman A. Fear and anxiety evolutionary cognitive and clinical Perspectives Handbook of emotions. New York the Guilford Press 2000; 573-593.
[9] Smith M. Anxiety attacks and disorders guide to the signs, symptoms and treatment options. Retrieved 2009, from Help guide Website. http://.helpguide.org/mental/anxiety_types_symptoms_treatment.htm
[10] Young EA, Abelson JL and Cameron OG. Effect of co-morbid anxiety disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a social stressor in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:113-120.
[11] Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P and Hsu L. Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders a systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51:100-113.
[12] Ross LE and Mclean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:1285-1298.
[13] Bseekman AT, De beurs E, van Balkom AJ, Deeg DJ, van Dyck R and van TW. Anxiety and depression in later life co-occurrence and communality of risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:89-95.
[14] Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG and Stein MB. Panic disorder. Lancet 2006; 16: 1023-1032.
[15] Yan C and Georges C. Biological bases of anxiety. Neurosci biobehav 1998; 22(5):623-633.
[16] http://www.panicsurvivor.com.
[17] American psychiatric association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: APA.
[18] Shri R. Management of anxiety in modern psychology and human life. Agra 2006; 364- 375.
[19] Tripathi KD, Essentials of medical pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers Publishers, New Delhi 2003; 399-402.
[20] Kabat-Zinn J, Fletcher K and Miller JJ, Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders, General Hospital Psychiatry 1995; 17:192-200.
[21] Clark DM. Anxiety disorders why they persist and how to treat them behavior. Res. and Therapy1999; 37:5-27.
[22] Wiebe E. A randomized trial of aromatherapy to reduce anxiety before abortion, Eff Clin Pract 2000; 3(38):166-169.
[23] Kessler RC, Soukup J, Davis RB, Foster DF, Wilkey SA, Rompay MIV and Eisenberg DM, The use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the united states, Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:289-294.
[24] www.balancemindz.org
[25] Crestani F, Lorez M, Baer K, Essrich C, Benke D and Laurent JP. Decreased GABA-A receptor clustering results in enhanced anxiety and a bias for threat cues. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2:833–9.
[26] Nutt DJ, Glue P, Lawson C and Wilson S. Flumazenil provocation of panic attacks evidence for altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:917–25.
[27] Bremner JD, Innis RB, White T, Fujita M, Silbersweig D and Goddard AW. SPECT [I-123] iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:96–106.
[28] Kosel M, Rudolph U, Wielepp P, Luginbuhl M, Schmitt W and Fisch HU. GABA-A diminished receptor-binding capacity and a DNA base substitution in a patient with treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:347–50.
[29] Holmes A, Murphy DL and Crawley JN. Abnormal behavioral phenotypes of serotonin transporter knockout mice parallels with human anxiety and depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:953–9.
[30] Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, Southwick SM, Charney DS and Bremner JD. Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:693–702.
[2] S.S.Agrawal and M.Paridhavi, Text book of Herbal Drug Technology, 1999, 1-26,490-491.
[3] Lai P K Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive properties of Herbs and the Species, Curr Med Chem. (June-2004), 1451-60.
[4] Tapsell LC, Health benefits of Herbs and Species: The past, present and future. Med J Aust.1 (Aug-2006), 1702-2438.
[5] Reynolds EH, Brain and Mind a challenge for WHO Lancet.2003; 361:1924-1925.
[6] Zhang ZJ. Therapeutic effect of herbal extracts and constituents in animal model of psychiatric disorders, Life Science 2004; 75:1659-1699.
[7] Seligman MEP, Walker EF and Rosenhan DL. Abnormal psychology 4th edition New York W.W. Norton and Company Inc 2001.
[8] Ohman A. Fear and anxiety evolutionary cognitive and clinical Perspectives Handbook of emotions. New York the Guilford Press 2000; 573-593.
[9] Smith M. Anxiety attacks and disorders guide to the signs, symptoms and treatment options. Retrieved 2009, from Help guide Website. http://.helpguide.org/mental/anxiety_types_symptoms_treatment.htm
[10] Young EA, Abelson JL and Cameron OG. Effect of co-morbid anxiety disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a social stressor in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:113-120.
[11] Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P and Hsu L. Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders a systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51:100-113.
[12] Ross LE and Mclean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:1285-1298.
[13] Bseekman AT, De beurs E, van Balkom AJ, Deeg DJ, van Dyck R and van TW. Anxiety and depression in later life co-occurrence and communality of risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:89-95.
[14] Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG and Stein MB. Panic disorder. Lancet 2006; 16: 1023-1032.
[15] Yan C and Georges C. Biological bases of anxiety. Neurosci biobehav 1998; 22(5):623-633.
[16] http://www.panicsurvivor.com.
[17] American psychiatric association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: APA.
[18] Shri R. Management of anxiety in modern psychology and human life. Agra 2006; 364- 375.
[19] Tripathi KD, Essentials of medical pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers Publishers, New Delhi 2003; 399-402.
[20] Kabat-Zinn J, Fletcher K and Miller JJ, Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders, General Hospital Psychiatry 1995; 17:192-200.
[21] Clark DM. Anxiety disorders why they persist and how to treat them behavior. Res. and Therapy1999; 37:5-27.
[22] Wiebe E. A randomized trial of aromatherapy to reduce anxiety before abortion, Eff Clin Pract 2000; 3(38):166-169.
[23] Kessler RC, Soukup J, Davis RB, Foster DF, Wilkey SA, Rompay MIV and Eisenberg DM, The use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the united states, Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:289-294.
[24] www.balancemindz.org
[25] Crestani F, Lorez M, Baer K, Essrich C, Benke D and Laurent JP. Decreased GABA-A receptor clustering results in enhanced anxiety and a bias for threat cues. Nat Neurosci 1999; 2:833–9.
[26] Nutt DJ, Glue P, Lawson C and Wilson S. Flumazenil provocation of panic attacks evidence for altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:917–25.
[27] Bremner JD, Innis RB, White T, Fujita M, Silbersweig D and Goddard AW. SPECT [I-123] iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:96–106.
[28] Kosel M, Rudolph U, Wielepp P, Luginbuhl M, Schmitt W and Fisch HU. GABA-A diminished receptor-binding capacity and a DNA base substitution in a patient with treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:347–50.
[29] Holmes A, Murphy DL and Crawley JN. Abnormal behavioral phenotypes of serotonin transporter knockout mice parallels with human anxiety and depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:953–9.
[30] Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, Southwick SM, Charney DS and Bremner JD. Long-term treatment with paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:693–702.