Prescription Patterns of Antibiotics Used in Urban and Rural Hospitals
Corresponding Author(s) : Ch. D. L. Krishnaveni
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): 2016 Volume 4- Issue -3
Abstract
Antibiotics are the most extensively used drugs in hospital settings. Wide ranges of antibiotics are available to treat various types of infections. Though the choice of antibiotics prescribed depends upon the clinical interest, culture sensitivity, age and gender, their extensive use may lead to the poor therapeutic outcome in terms of both health and economic.
The present study was conducted over a period of eight months guidelines by the department of clinical pharmacy at the rural and urban government hospitals of Nallajerla, Venkataramannagudem, Tadepalligudem, Tanuku, Peravali, and Dwarkatirumala of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.
A total of 250 cases were reviewed to evaluate the prescribing habits of physicians in the treatment of various types of infections. The result found that the majority of the patients were treated with quinolones (36.55%) and the major root of drug administration employed was oral route. This study noticed that there was prescription pattern of antibiotics used in urban and rural hospitals.
250 patients were prescribed antibiotics; 128 were males (51.2%) and 122 were females (48.8%). Median duration of hospitalization was 10 days. 390 antibiotics were prescribed and the most common were ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, ampicillin, aminoglycosides, macrolide antibiotics and cephalosporin and Sulfonamides.
Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development bacterial resistance which is becoming a severe problem in the internal medicine ward. Formulation of a policy for hospital antibiotic use and an educational programme especially for junior doctors is required.
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Kendall F. Haven, Marvels of Science (Libraries Unlimited, 1994, 182.
[2]. Lansang MA, Aquino RL, Tupasi TE, Mina VS, Salazar LS, Juban N, Limjoco TT, Nisperos LE, Kunin CM. Purchase of antibiotics without prescription in Manila, the Philippines: inappropriate choices and doses. J Clin Epidemiol 43, 1990, 61-67.
[3]. Tan ML. Large drug firms continue to control local market. The Drug Monitor; 1, 1986, 1 -2.
[4]. Harden A. The use of modern pharmaceuticals in a Filipino village: Doctors' prescription and self-medication. Social Science Medicine; 25, 1987, 277-292.
[5]. Hossain MM, Glass R, Khan MR. Antibiotic use in a rural community in Bangladesh. Intl J Epidemiol 1982,11:40
[6]. Swindell, P.J., Reevs, D.S., Bullock, D.W., Davies, A.J. and Spence, C.E. Audit of antibiotic prescribing in a Bristol hospital. British Medical Journal. 286, 1983, 118-122.
[7]. Patel V; Vaidya R; Naik D; Borker P. Irrational drug use in India: A prescription survey from Goa. J Postgrad Med, 51, 2005, 9-12
[8]. Thawani, V.R., Motghare, V.M., Pagare, A. and Gharpure, K.J. Antimicrobial drug utilization in rural hospitals. The Antiseptic. 93(4), 1996, 144-45
[9]. Motghare, V.M., Thawani, V.R., Purwar, M.B. and Pagare, A. Perinatal prescribing to indoor patients in Govt. Medical College Hospital, Nagpur. J Obstet Gynaecol Fmly Welf. 7(2), 1996, 4-8.
[10]. Thawani, V.R., Motghare, V.M., Dani, A.D. and Shelgaonkar, S.D. Therapeutic audit of dermatological prescriptions. Ind J Dermatol. 40 (1), 1995, 13-18
[11]. Jaju, Ulhas. Misuse of antibiotics and antimicrobials. in Under the Lense : Health and medicine. Jayarao KS and Patel AJ (Eds) Voluntary Health Association of India, New Delhi.1986,139-1
[12]. Bapna, J.S., Tekur, U., Gitanjali, B., Shashindran, C.H., Pradhan, S.C., Thulasimani, M. and Tomson, G. Drug Utilization at primary health care level in Southern India. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 43, 1992, 413-5.
[13]. Thawani, Vijay, and Gharpure, K.J., The rationale of drug rationing. Bull Drug and Hlth Inform. 3(2), 1996, 39-40,43.
[14]. Dineshkumar B, Raghuram TC, Radhaiah G, Krishnaswamy K. Profile of drug use in urban and rural India. Pharmacoeconomics 7, 1995, 332-
[15]. Rattan, A. and Kumar, A. Antibiotics – use and misuse. Journal of Academy of Hospital Administration. 7(1), 1995, 19-22.
Krishnaveni L et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-4(3) 2016 [362-375]
375
[16]. Kulkarni RA, Kochhar PH, Dargude VA, Rajadhyakshya SS, Thatte UM. Patterns of antimicrobial use by surgeons in India. Ind J Surg 67, 2005, 308-15.
[17]. WHO Increasing the relevance of education for health professional-Report of a WHO study group on problem solving education for the health professions Technical Report Series 838, WHO, Geneva 1993, 15.
References
[2]. Lansang MA, Aquino RL, Tupasi TE, Mina VS, Salazar LS, Juban N, Limjoco TT, Nisperos LE, Kunin CM. Purchase of antibiotics without prescription in Manila, the Philippines: inappropriate choices and doses. J Clin Epidemiol 43, 1990, 61-67.
[3]. Tan ML. Large drug firms continue to control local market. The Drug Monitor; 1, 1986, 1 -2.
[4]. Harden A. The use of modern pharmaceuticals in a Filipino village: Doctors' prescription and self-medication. Social Science Medicine; 25, 1987, 277-292.
[5]. Hossain MM, Glass R, Khan MR. Antibiotic use in a rural community in Bangladesh. Intl J Epidemiol 1982,11:40
[6]. Swindell, P.J., Reevs, D.S., Bullock, D.W., Davies, A.J. and Spence, C.E. Audit of antibiotic prescribing in a Bristol hospital. British Medical Journal. 286, 1983, 118-122.
[7]. Patel V; Vaidya R; Naik D; Borker P. Irrational drug use in India: A prescription survey from Goa. J Postgrad Med, 51, 2005, 9-12
[8]. Thawani, V.R., Motghare, V.M., Pagare, A. and Gharpure, K.J. Antimicrobial drug utilization in rural hospitals. The Antiseptic. 93(4), 1996, 144-45
[9]. Motghare, V.M., Thawani, V.R., Purwar, M.B. and Pagare, A. Perinatal prescribing to indoor patients in Govt. Medical College Hospital, Nagpur. J Obstet Gynaecol Fmly Welf. 7(2), 1996, 4-8.
[10]. Thawani, V.R., Motghare, V.M., Dani, A.D. and Shelgaonkar, S.D. Therapeutic audit of dermatological prescriptions. Ind J Dermatol. 40 (1), 1995, 13-18
[11]. Jaju, Ulhas. Misuse of antibiotics and antimicrobials. in Under the Lense : Health and medicine. Jayarao KS and Patel AJ (Eds) Voluntary Health Association of India, New Delhi.1986,139-1
[12]. Bapna, J.S., Tekur, U., Gitanjali, B., Shashindran, C.H., Pradhan, S.C., Thulasimani, M. and Tomson, G. Drug Utilization at primary health care level in Southern India. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 43, 1992, 413-5.
[13]. Thawani, Vijay, and Gharpure, K.J., The rationale of drug rationing. Bull Drug and Hlth Inform. 3(2), 1996, 39-40,43.
[14]. Dineshkumar B, Raghuram TC, Radhaiah G, Krishnaswamy K. Profile of drug use in urban and rural India. Pharmacoeconomics 7, 1995, 332-
[15]. Rattan, A. and Kumar, A. Antibiotics – use and misuse. Journal of Academy of Hospital Administration. 7(1), 1995, 19-22.
Krishnaveni L et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-4(3) 2016 [362-375]
375
[16]. Kulkarni RA, Kochhar PH, Dargude VA, Rajadhyakshya SS, Thatte UM. Patterns of antimicrobial use by surgeons in India. Ind J Surg 67, 2005, 308-15.
[17]. WHO Increasing the relevance of education for health professional-Report of a WHO study group on problem solving education for the health professions Technical Report Series 838, WHO, Geneva 1993, 15.