Copyright (c) 2020 Govind Shukla
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Astashine Capsules: an Excellent Choice for Cardiovascular Health
Corresponding Author(s) : Govind Shukla
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): 2016 Volume 4- Issue -3
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid present in microalgae, fungi, complex plants, seafood, flamingos and quail. It is an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties and as such has potential as a therapeutic agent in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Experimental studies demonstrated that astaxanthin protects the myocardium. In a randomized, double blind study on humans it was shown that astaxanthin decreased the low-chronic inflammation by reducing oxidative stress. Earlier studies have confirmed that astaxanthin reduces inflammation by inhibiting activation on the transcription factor NF-kB . Due to astaxanthin’s ability to protect cells from oxidation and its anti-inflammatory capacity, astaxanthin has potential to prevent the development of metabolic diseases. This article reviews the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of astaxanthin from the algae Haematoccus pluvialis on the cardiovascular health.
Keywords
Astashine capsules
HDL-cholesterol
References
-
Robert CK, Sindhu KK. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sciences. 84, 2009, 705–712.
[2]. Monteiro R, Azevado I. Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm. Epub 2010.
[3]. Sharma P, Mishra S, Ajmera P, Mathur S. Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Indian Journal of clinical biochemistry. 20(1), 2005, 145–149.
[4]. Park JS, Chyun JH, Kim YK, Line LL, Chew BP. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr Metab.2010, 7:18.
[5]. Lee SJ et al. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IkB kinase-dependent Nf-kB activation. Mol Cells Vol. 16(1), 2003, 97–105
[6]. Yoshida H et al. Administrations of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL – cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 209(2), 2010, 520–523.
[7]. Bhuvaneswari S et al. Astaxanthin restricts weight gain, promotes insulin sensitivity and curtails fatty liver disease in mice fed a obesity-promoting diet. Process biochemistry. 45, 2010, 1406–1414.
[8]. Ikeuchi M et al. Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 71(4), 2007, 893–899.
[9]. Iwamoto t et al. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by astaxanthin. J Atheroscler Thromb. 78(4), 2000, 216–222.
[10]. Karppi J et al. Effects of astaxanthin supplementation on lipid peroxidation. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res. 77(1), 2007, 3–11.
[11]. Nakagawa K. Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011.
[12]. Li W et al. Alpha-tocopherol and astaxanthin decrease macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and vulnerability in atheroma of hyperlipidaemic rabbits. J Mol Cell Cardiol. April/May 2011.
[13]. 13 Cardiovascular health Wellness Foods Europe 37(5), 2004, 969–78. 13. Iwabayashi M et al. Efficacy and safety of eight-week treatment with astaxanthin in individuals screened for increased oxidative stress burden. Anti-Aging Medicine. 2009, 15–21.
[14]. Monroy-Ruiz J et al. Astaxanthin-enriched-diet reduces blood pressure and improves cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacological Research. 2010.
[15]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin:III. Antioxidant and histopathological effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 29(4), 2006, 684–688.
[16]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin II. Vascular reactivity and hemorheology in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 28(6), 2005, 967–071.
[17]. Preuss HG et al. High Dose astaxanthin lowers blood pressure and increases insulin sensitivity in Rats: Are these effects interdependent? Int J Med Sci. 8(2), 2011, 126–138.
[18]. Uchiyama K. Astaxanthin protects ?-cells against glucose toxicity in diabetic db/db mice. Redox Report. 7(5), 2002, 290–293.
[19]. Naito Y et al. Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by treatment with astaxanthin in diabetic db/db mice. Bio Factors. 20, 2004, 49–59.
[20]. Miki W. Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 1(63), 1991, 141–146
[21]. Goto S, Kogure K, Abe K, Kimata Y, Kitahama K et al. Efficient radical trapping at the surface and inside the phospholipid membrane is responsible for highly potent anti peroxidative activity of the carotenoid astaxanthin. Biochim Biophysica Acta 1512, 2001, 251–258a.
References
Robert CK, Sindhu KK. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. Life Sciences. 84, 2009, 705–712.
[2]. Monteiro R, Azevado I. Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm. Epub 2010.
[3]. Sharma P, Mishra S, Ajmera P, Mathur S. Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Indian Journal of clinical biochemistry. 20(1), 2005, 145–149.
[4]. Park JS, Chyun JH, Kim YK, Line LL, Chew BP. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr Metab.2010, 7:18.
[5]. Lee SJ et al. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IkB kinase-dependent Nf-kB activation. Mol Cells Vol. 16(1), 2003, 97–105
[6]. Yoshida H et al. Administrations of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL – cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 209(2), 2010, 520–523.
[7]. Bhuvaneswari S et al. Astaxanthin restricts weight gain, promotes insulin sensitivity and curtails fatty liver disease in mice fed a obesity-promoting diet. Process biochemistry. 45, 2010, 1406–1414.
[8]. Ikeuchi M et al. Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 71(4), 2007, 893–899.
[9]. Iwamoto t et al. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by astaxanthin. J Atheroscler Thromb. 78(4), 2000, 216–222.
[10]. Karppi J et al. Effects of astaxanthin supplementation on lipid peroxidation. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res. 77(1), 2007, 3–11.
[11]. Nakagawa K. Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011.
[12]. Li W et al. Alpha-tocopherol and astaxanthin decrease macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and vulnerability in atheroma of hyperlipidaemic rabbits. J Mol Cell Cardiol. April/May 2011.
[13]. 13 Cardiovascular health Wellness Foods Europe 37(5), 2004, 969–78. 13. Iwabayashi M et al. Efficacy and safety of eight-week treatment with astaxanthin in individuals screened for increased oxidative stress burden. Anti-Aging Medicine. 2009, 15–21.
[14]. Monroy-Ruiz J et al. Astaxanthin-enriched-diet reduces blood pressure and improves cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacological Research. 2010.
[15]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin:III. Antioxidant and histopathological effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 29(4), 2006, 684–688.
[16]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin II. Vascular reactivity and hemorheology in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 28(6), 2005, 967–071.
[17]. Preuss HG et al. High Dose astaxanthin lowers blood pressure and increases insulin sensitivity in Rats: Are these effects interdependent? Int J Med Sci. 8(2), 2011, 126–138.
[18]. Uchiyama K. Astaxanthin protects ?-cells against glucose toxicity in diabetic db/db mice. Redox Report. 7(5), 2002, 290–293.
[19]. Naito Y et al. Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by treatment with astaxanthin in diabetic db/db mice. Bio Factors. 20, 2004, 49–59.
[20]. Miki W. Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 1(63), 1991, 141–146
[21]. Goto S, Kogure K, Abe K, Kimata Y, Kitahama K et al. Efficient radical trapping at the surface and inside the phospholipid membrane is responsible for highly potent anti peroxidative activity of the carotenoid astaxanthin. Biochim Biophysica Acta 1512, 2001, 251–258a.
[2]. Monteiro R, Azevado I. Chronic inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm. Epub 2010.
[3]. Sharma P, Mishra S, Ajmera P, Mathur S. Oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Indian Journal of clinical biochemistry. 20(1), 2005, 145–149.
[4]. Park JS, Chyun JH, Kim YK, Line LL, Chew BP. Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr Metab.2010, 7:18.
[5]. Lee SJ et al. Astaxanthin inhibits nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IkB kinase-dependent Nf-kB activation. Mol Cells Vol. 16(1), 2003, 97–105
[6]. Yoshida H et al. Administrations of natural astaxanthin increases serum HDL – cholesterol and adiponectin in subjects with mild hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 209(2), 2010, 520–523.
[7]. Bhuvaneswari S et al. Astaxanthin restricts weight gain, promotes insulin sensitivity and curtails fatty liver disease in mice fed a obesity-promoting diet. Process biochemistry. 45, 2010, 1406–1414.
[8]. Ikeuchi M et al. Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 71(4), 2007, 893–899.
[9]. Iwamoto t et al. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by astaxanthin. J Atheroscler Thromb. 78(4), 2000, 216–222.
[10]. Karppi J et al. Effects of astaxanthin supplementation on lipid peroxidation. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res. 77(1), 2007, 3–11.
[11]. Nakagawa K. Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011.
[12]. Li W et al. Alpha-tocopherol and astaxanthin decrease macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and vulnerability in atheroma of hyperlipidaemic rabbits. J Mol Cell Cardiol. April/May 2011.
[13]. 13 Cardiovascular health Wellness Foods Europe 37(5), 2004, 969–78. 13. Iwabayashi M et al. Efficacy and safety of eight-week treatment with astaxanthin in individuals screened for increased oxidative stress burden. Anti-Aging Medicine. 2009, 15–21.
[14]. Monroy-Ruiz J et al. Astaxanthin-enriched-diet reduces blood pressure and improves cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacological Research. 2010.
[15]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin:III. Antioxidant and histopathological effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 29(4), 2006, 684–688.
[16]. Hussein G et al. Antihypertensive potential and mechanism of action of astaxanthin II. Vascular reactivity and hemorheology in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Biol Pharm Bull. 28(6), 2005, 967–071.
[17]. Preuss HG et al. High Dose astaxanthin lowers blood pressure and increases insulin sensitivity in Rats: Are these effects interdependent? Int J Med Sci. 8(2), 2011, 126–138.
[18]. Uchiyama K. Astaxanthin protects ?-cells against glucose toxicity in diabetic db/db mice. Redox Report. 7(5), 2002, 290–293.
[19]. Naito Y et al. Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by treatment with astaxanthin in diabetic db/db mice. Bio Factors. 20, 2004, 49–59.
[20]. Miki W. Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 1(63), 1991, 141–146
[21]. Goto S, Kogure K, Abe K, Kimata Y, Kitahama K et al. Efficient radical trapping at the surface and inside the phospholipid membrane is responsible for highly potent anti peroxidative activity of the carotenoid astaxanthin. Biochim Biophysica Acta 1512, 2001, 251–258a.