Effects of Chronic Prenatal Restraint Stress on Motor Coordination in Post Weaned Male and Female Wistar Rats
Corresponding Author(s) : Saju B Cherian
sajubinu@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016): 2016 Volume 4- Issue -2
Abstract
Background
Maternal stress has a variety of deleterious effects on developing fetus that manifests into adulthood.
Aims
The present study was designed with the view to examine the gender- specific effects of chronic maternal stress on sensorimotor coordination following prenatal stress in rats.
Materials and Methods
Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to restraint stress from embryonic day 11 till delivery. Male and female rat pups on the 33rd day of postnatal life were subjected to rotarod test for motor coordination and balance.
Results
It was observed that prenatal stress caused significant effects in stressed males when compared to that of control and did not show any effect in stressed females.
Conclusion
These data reinforce the view that prenatal stress affects motor coordination in a sex-specific manner and the diminished effect seen in females could be due to the estrogen- mediated neuroprotection on hippocampal function.
Keywords
Prenatal Stress
Hippocampus
Rotarod Test
Motor Coordination
1.
Saju B Cherian. Effects of Chronic Prenatal Restraint Stress on Motor Coordination in Post Weaned Male and Female Wistar Rats. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2020 Aug. 5 [cited 2026 Apr. 19];4(2):289-94. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/270
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References
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Firth EC, Rogers CW, Vickers M, Kenyon PR, Jenkinson CM, Blair HT. The bone-muscle ratio of fetal lambs is affected more by maternal nutrition during pregnancy than by maternal size. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294(6), 2008, 1890-94
[2]. Gilbert ME, Kelly ME, Samsam TE, Goodman J. H. Chronic developmental lead exposure reduces neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus but does not impair spatial learning. Toxicol Sci. 86(2), 2005, 211-13.
[3]. Igosheva N, Klimova O, Anischchenko T, Glover V. Prenatal stress alters cardiovascular responses in adult rats. J. Physiol. 557(1), 2004, 273- 85
[4]. Roman E, Nylander I. The impact of emotional stress early in life on adult voluntary ethanol intake – results of maternal separation in rats. Stress 8(3), 2005, 157-74
[5]. Vall’ee M, Maccari S,Dellu F, Simon H, Le Moal M ,Mayo W. Long-term effects of prenatal stress and postnatal handling on age-related glucocorticoid secretion and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study in the rat. Eur J of Nerosci 11, 1999, 2906-16
[6]. Hauser J, Feldon J, Pryce CR. Direct and dam-mediated effects of prenatal dexamethasone on emotionality, cognition and HPA axis in adult Wistar rats. Horm Behav. 56(4), 2009, 364-7
[7]. Drago F, Di Leo F , Giardina L. Prenatal stress induces body weight deficit and behavioural alterations in rats: the effect of diazepam. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 9, 1999, 239- 45
[8]. Kohman RA, Tarr AJ, Day CE, Mc Linden KA ,Boehm GW. Influence of prenatal stress on behavioral, endocrine, and cytokine responses to adulthood bacterial endotoxin exposure. Behav Brain Res. 193(2), 2008, 257- 68
[9]. Son GH, Geum D, Chung S, Kim EJ, Jo JH, Kim CM et al. Maternal stress produces learning deficits associated with impairment of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. 26(12), 2006, 3309-18 [10]. Darnaudéry M, Perez-Martin M, Bélizaire G, Maccari S ,Garcia-Segura LM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 reduces age-related disorders induced by prenatal stress in female rats. Neurobiol Aging. 27(1), 2006, 119- 27
[11]. Wu J, Song TB, Li YJ, He KS, Ge L,Wang LR. Prenatal restraint stress impairs learning and memory and hippocampal PKCbeta1 expression and translocation in offspring rats. Brain Res. 1141, 2007, 205-13
[12]. Yang J, Han H, Cao J, Li L , Xu L.Prenatal stress modifies hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning in young rat offspring. Hippocampus 16(5), 2006, 431-6 [13]. Schwalbe L, Schächinger H, Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Stress impairs spatial but not early stimulus-response learning .Behav Brain Res. 2010.
[14]. Lesage J, Del- Favero F, Leonhardt M. Prenatal stress induces intrauterine growth restriction and programmes glucose intolerance and feeding behavior disturbances in the aged rat. J Endocrinol 181, .2004, 291-96
References
Firth EC, Rogers CW, Vickers M, Kenyon PR, Jenkinson CM, Blair HT. The bone-muscle ratio of fetal lambs is affected more by maternal nutrition during pregnancy than by maternal size. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294(6), 2008, 1890-94
[2]. Gilbert ME, Kelly ME, Samsam TE, Goodman J. H. Chronic developmental lead exposure reduces neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus but does not impair spatial learning. Toxicol Sci. 86(2), 2005, 211-13.
[3]. Igosheva N, Klimova O, Anischchenko T, Glover V. Prenatal stress alters cardiovascular responses in adult rats. J. Physiol. 557(1), 2004, 273- 85
[4]. Roman E, Nylander I. The impact of emotional stress early in life on adult voluntary ethanol intake – results of maternal separation in rats. Stress 8(3), 2005, 157-74
[5]. Vall’ee M, Maccari S,Dellu F, Simon H, Le Moal M ,Mayo W. Long-term effects of prenatal stress and postnatal handling on age-related glucocorticoid secretion and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study in the rat. Eur J of Nerosci 11, 1999, 2906-16
[6]. Hauser J, Feldon J, Pryce CR. Direct and dam-mediated effects of prenatal dexamethasone on emotionality, cognition and HPA axis in adult Wistar rats. Horm Behav. 56(4), 2009, 364-7
[7]. Drago F, Di Leo F , Giardina L. Prenatal stress induces body weight deficit and behavioural alterations in rats: the effect of diazepam. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 9, 1999, 239- 45
[8]. Kohman RA, Tarr AJ, Day CE, Mc Linden KA ,Boehm GW. Influence of prenatal stress on behavioral, endocrine, and cytokine responses to adulthood bacterial endotoxin exposure. Behav Brain Res. 193(2), 2008, 257- 68
[9]. Son GH, Geum D, Chung S, Kim EJ, Jo JH, Kim CM et al. Maternal stress produces learning deficits associated with impairment of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. 26(12), 2006, 3309-18 [10]. Darnaudéry M, Perez-Martin M, Bélizaire G, Maccari S ,Garcia-Segura LM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 reduces age-related disorders induced by prenatal stress in female rats. Neurobiol Aging. 27(1), 2006, 119- 27
[11]. Wu J, Song TB, Li YJ, He KS, Ge L,Wang LR. Prenatal restraint stress impairs learning and memory and hippocampal PKCbeta1 expression and translocation in offspring rats. Brain Res. 1141, 2007, 205-13
[12]. Yang J, Han H, Cao J, Li L , Xu L.Prenatal stress modifies hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning in young rat offspring. Hippocampus 16(5), 2006, 431-6 [13]. Schwalbe L, Schächinger H, Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Stress impairs spatial but not early stimulus-response learning .Behav Brain Res. 2010.
[14]. Lesage J, Del- Favero F, Leonhardt M. Prenatal stress induces intrauterine growth restriction and programmes glucose intolerance and feeding behavior disturbances in the aged rat. J Endocrinol 181, .2004, 291-96
[2]. Gilbert ME, Kelly ME, Samsam TE, Goodman J. H. Chronic developmental lead exposure reduces neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus but does not impair spatial learning. Toxicol Sci. 86(2), 2005, 211-13.
[3]. Igosheva N, Klimova O, Anischchenko T, Glover V. Prenatal stress alters cardiovascular responses in adult rats. J. Physiol. 557(1), 2004, 273- 85
[4]. Roman E, Nylander I. The impact of emotional stress early in life on adult voluntary ethanol intake – results of maternal separation in rats. Stress 8(3), 2005, 157-74
[5]. Vall’ee M, Maccari S,Dellu F, Simon H, Le Moal M ,Mayo W. Long-term effects of prenatal stress and postnatal handling on age-related glucocorticoid secretion and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study in the rat. Eur J of Nerosci 11, 1999, 2906-16
[6]. Hauser J, Feldon J, Pryce CR. Direct and dam-mediated effects of prenatal dexamethasone on emotionality, cognition and HPA axis in adult Wistar rats. Horm Behav. 56(4), 2009, 364-7
[7]. Drago F, Di Leo F , Giardina L. Prenatal stress induces body weight deficit and behavioural alterations in rats: the effect of diazepam. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 9, 1999, 239- 45
[8]. Kohman RA, Tarr AJ, Day CE, Mc Linden KA ,Boehm GW. Influence of prenatal stress on behavioral, endocrine, and cytokine responses to adulthood bacterial endotoxin exposure. Behav Brain Res. 193(2), 2008, 257- 68
[9]. Son GH, Geum D, Chung S, Kim EJ, Jo JH, Kim CM et al. Maternal stress produces learning deficits associated with impairment of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity. 26(12), 2006, 3309-18 [10]. Darnaudéry M, Perez-Martin M, Bélizaire G, Maccari S ,Garcia-Segura LM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 reduces age-related disorders induced by prenatal stress in female rats. Neurobiol Aging. 27(1), 2006, 119- 27
[11]. Wu J, Song TB, Li YJ, He KS, Ge L,Wang LR. Prenatal restraint stress impairs learning and memory and hippocampal PKCbeta1 expression and translocation in offspring rats. Brain Res. 1141, 2007, 205-13
[12]. Yang J, Han H, Cao J, Li L , Xu L.Prenatal stress modifies hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning in young rat offspring. Hippocampus 16(5), 2006, 431-6 [13]. Schwalbe L, Schächinger H, Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Stress impairs spatial but not early stimulus-response learning .Behav Brain Res. 2010.
[14]. Lesage J, Del- Favero F, Leonhardt M. Prenatal stress induces intrauterine growth restriction and programmes glucose intolerance and feeding behavior disturbances in the aged rat. J Endocrinol 181, .2004, 291-96