A Survey on Prevalence of Prolonged Two-Wheeler Riding on Shoulder Pain in Young Adults

Abstract

Background: Two-wheeler riding is one of the most common modes of transportation among young adults, especially in urban areas. Prolonged riding involves maintaining a static posture with the arms extended and shoulders elevated, which places continuous strain on the shoulder and upper back muscles. Over time, this posture, combined with vibration and repetitive movements, can lead to shoulder pain and functional limitations. Understanding the prevalence and contributing factors of shoulder discomfort among frequent two-wheeler riders is essential for developing preventive physiotherapy and ergonomic strategies.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Prolonged Two-Wheeler Riding on Shoulder Pain in Young Adults.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted among young adults aged 18–35 years who regularly ride two-wheelers. Participants completed a structured Google Form that included demographic details, riding habits, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) to assess pain intensity and functional limitations. Data were analysed descriptively to determine the prevalence of shoulder pain and its relationship with riding exposure.

Results: This study included 104 two-wheeler riders aged 19–35 years, with more males (64.4%) than females (35.6%). Most were students or working professionals who rode frequently, with 41.3% riding 60–90 minutes daily. Scooters (44.2%) and motorbikes (38.5%) were the most used vehicles. About 73.5% carried backpacks while riding, and only 23.1% maintained an upright posture. Shoulder pain was reported by 85.6% of participants, mostly moderate to severe (NPRS 6–7). SPADI scores indicated moderate pain and disability, especially during sleeping on the painful side, lifting, and overhead activities. The study highlights a strong association between prolonged riding, poor posture, and shoulder pain, emphasizing the need for ergonomic awareness and preventive physiotherapy.

Conclusion: The study concludes that prolonged two-wheeler riding is associated with increased risk of shoulder pain and functional limitations in young adults. Promoting ergonomic awareness, maintaining proper riding posture, and performing regular shoulder and upper back exercises can help prevent musculoskeletal strain and improve comfort and performance during riding.