A Prospective Study on Use of Corticosteroids Therapy in The Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections are one of the major global health problems leading to high morbidity and mortality, especially in children, elderly and immune compromised persons. Lower respiratory tract infection is defined as infections of airway and lung structures within the area below the larynx, causing involvement of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The clinical conditions of lower respiratory tract infections are most often caused by microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophiles influenzae; viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus; and sometimes fungi. LRTIs comprise most of the common illnesses such as pneumonia, acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and sometimes exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology: A prospective observational study involving analysis of inpatients and outpatients of pulmonology department diagnosed with pulmonary disease with other comorbid conditions, using patient data collection form for a study period of 6 months. Results: A 6 months study of 120 pulmonary disease patients (66 males, 54 females) found that corticosteroids therapy, particularly formoterol fumarate and hydrocortisone, was most frequently administered (87%). Bronchodilators (levo salbutamol and ipratropium bromide) antibiotics (sulbactam, cefoperazone and clarithromycin) and antacids (pantoprazole and magnesium oxide) were also commonly prescribed. Majority of patients had comorbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension with the age ranging between 51-70 years old. Conclusion: The study analyzed 120 pulmonary patients, shown high use of corticosteroid (87%). Corticosteroids found useful in reducing inflammation of Asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but required careful management due to side effects. Their widespread use highlights their importance, but future research should assess long-term outcomes and potential risks for better treatment strategies.