Formulation Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Liquid and Solid Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Apremilast

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Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): 2025 Volume -13 - Issue 2

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June 2, 2025
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Formulation Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Liquid and Solid Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Apremilast

https://doi.org/10.61096/ijamscr.v13.iss2.2025.259-279
Umamaheswari.D
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Senthil Prabhu.R
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Sheik Abdulla Kapoor.M
PG Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, COP, MMC, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. `
Balaji. R
PG Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, COP, MMC, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. `
Vinodha.G
PG Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, COP, MMC, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. `
Karolinshalima. A
PG Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, COP, MMC, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. `

Corresponding Author(s) : Umamaheswari.D

umaduraipandi80@gmail.com

International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): 2025 Volume -13 - Issue 2

Abstract

Background: Most drugs are administered orally, but this route is limited for molecules with poor aqueous solubility, a key factor in achieving effective systemic drug concentrations for the desired pharmacological response. Many potential drugs face low solubility and dissolution rates, reducing absorption and low oral bioavailability.


Objective: This study focused on developing and evaluating liquid (L-SMEDDS) and solid (S-SMEDDS) self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems for the poorly water-soluble Apremilast. The L-SMEDDS formulation used oleic acid (oil), Tween 80 (surfactant), and Transcutol HP (co-surfactant). S-SMEDDS were prepared via adsorption onto Aerosil as a solid carrier. L-SMEDDS were assessed for self-emulsification time, droplet size, zeta potential, PDI, transmittance, and drug content. S-SMEDDS evaluations included micromeritic properties, drug content, in vitro release, and structural analysis via SEM, DSC, and XRD.


Result: The findings showed that solid SMEDDS significantly enhanced the dissolution rate of Apremilast, improving bioavailability by forming a microemulsion upon dilution in gastric fluids, which promotes better drug release.


Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that solid SMEDDS can significantly improve the solubility and dissolution profile of poorly soluble drugs, offering potential to enhance oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.


           

Keywords

Apremilast Microemulsion SMEDDS Pseudo ternary Phase Diagram
1.
Umamaheswari.D, Senthil Prabhu.R, Sheik Abdulla Kapoor.M, Balaji. R, Vinodha.G, Karolinshalima. A. Formulation Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Liquid and Solid Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Apremilast. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 2 [cited 2026 Jan. 13];13(2):259-7. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1627
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