Understanding the Virus, Its Impact, and Prevention

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major global health problem that affects millions of people. It targets CD4 T cells, a part of the immune system, making people more susceptible to infections. Untreated, HIV progresses t0 AIDS, a severe condition that leads t0 life-threatening issues.  Due to a lack of awareness, stigma, and restricted access to healthcare, HIV continues to spread. Treatment and prevention have made significant progress since its discovery in the early 1980s. HIV is now a manageable illness thanks to antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has made it possible for people to live healthy lives. However, it is still difficult to fight the epidemic because of obstacles like high medication costs, social stigma, and false information. In order to stop HIV from spreading, it is important to know how it is transmitted and how to prevent it. The majority of HIV transmission occurs through mother-to-child transmission, sharing contaminated needles, and unprotected sexual contact. Many may not exhibit symptoms for years, highlighting the need for regular testing and early diagnosis.  Effective diagnostic tools are available for early detection, allowing timely treatment before serious damage occurs.

Safe sex practices, PrEP for high-risk individuals, and PEP for HIV-exposed individuals have all contributed to a decrease in new cases. HIV education and stigma reduction in communities have been aided by public awareness campaigns. HIV-positive individuals continue to face discrimination and mental health issues despite advancements. Innovations like gene editing and stem cell therapy offer hope for a vaccine and a potential treatment. Raising awareness and promoting healthcare access are key to eliminating HIV and enhancing the lives 0f those affected.