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Role Of Hypnea Spinella On Alzheimer’s Disease
Corresponding Author(s) : Athulya Dileep T.P
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): 2025 Volume -13 - Issue 1
Abstract
The content examines the therapeutic potential of Hypnea spinella, a species of red algae, in managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the most prevalent cause of dementia globally, characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioural changes, primarily affecting older adults. Despite extensive research into its genetic, environmental, and pathological underpinnings, effective disease-modifying treatments remain elusive. This study explores the bioactive compounds of Hypnea spinella, including sulfated polysaccharides, polyphenols, antioxidants, and other metabolites. These compounds exhibit neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that could target key mechanisms of AD pathology, such as amyloid plaque accumulation, tau protein dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The potential of these bioactive compounds to mitigate neurodegeneration and enhance cognitive health is highlighted. The document further provides an overview of AD’s epidemiology, genetic risk factors, pathophysiology, and progression through its clinical stages. Current treatment strategies primarily focus on symptomatic relief rather than halting or reversing the disease process. Given the increasing global burden of AD and the limitations of existing treatments, Hypnea spinella emerges as a promising natural resource for developing innovative therapies. This research underscores the need for further studies to validate the efficacy and safety of its bioactive compounds for Alzheimer’s disease management.
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- Korolev IO. Alzheimer’s Disease: a clinical and basic science review. Medical Student Research Journal. 2014 Sep; 4(1):24-33.
- Ana R. Monteiro, Daniel J. Barbosa, Fernando Remiao, Renata Silva. Alzheimer’s disease: Insights and new prospects in disease pathophysiology, biomarkers and disease-modifying drugs, Biochemical Pharmacology, Volume 211, 2023.
- Mayeux R, Stern Y. Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Aug 1;2(8).
- Zhang C. Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Discov Med. 2023 Oct;35(178):757-776.
- Kumar A, Sidhu J, Lui F, et al. Alzheimer Disease. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
- Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. et al. Recent advances in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Sig Transduct Target Ther 9, 211 (2024).
- Thakur AK, Kamboj P, Goswami K. Pathophysiology and management of alzheimer’s disease: an overview. J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;9(2):226-235.
- Joseph Therriault, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Andrea L. Benedet, Tharick A. Pascoal, Serge Gauthier, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Staging of Alzheimer’s disease: past, present, and future perspectives,Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2022; 28(9): 726-741.
- Silva, M.V.F., Loures, C.d.M.G., Alves, L.C.V. et al. Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and potentially protective measures. J Biomed Sci. 26, 33 (2019).
- Caruso A, Nicoletti F, Gaetano A, Scaccianoce S. Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Stress. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Sep 10;10:976.
- WORMS Editorial Board. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species [Internet]. World Register of Marine Species; 2024.
- Bishop Museum. Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii. Bishop Museum was established in 1889 to preserve and share the natural and cultural history of Hawai'i and the Pacific [Internet]. Honolulu: Bishop Museum; 2023.
- Rupérez P. Mineral content of edible marine seaweeds. Food Chem. 2002;79(1):23-6.
- De Souza, C.B., de Lira, D.P., Cavalcante-Silva, L.H.A., de Araújo-Júnior, J.X., & de Oliveira Rocha, H.A. (2007). Bioactive substances of seaweeds: studies on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(4),631-637.
- Wijesinghe, W.A.J.P., & Jeon, Y.J. (2012). Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) of bioactive components: A useful approach for recovery of industrially important metabolites from seaweeds: A review. Fitoterapia, 83(1), 6-12.
References
Korolev IO. Alzheimer’s Disease: a clinical and basic science review. Medical Student Research Journal. 2014 Sep; 4(1):24-33.
Ana R. Monteiro, Daniel J. Barbosa, Fernando Remiao, Renata Silva. Alzheimer’s disease: Insights and new prospects in disease pathophysiology, biomarkers and disease-modifying drugs, Biochemical Pharmacology, Volume 211, 2023.
Mayeux R, Stern Y. Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Aug 1;2(8).
Zhang C. Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Discov Med. 2023 Oct;35(178):757-776.
Kumar A, Sidhu J, Lui F, et al. Alzheimer Disease. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J. et al. Recent advances in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. Sig Transduct Target Ther 9, 211 (2024).
Thakur AK, Kamboj P, Goswami K. Pathophysiology and management of alzheimer’s disease: an overview. J Anal Pharm Res. 2018;9(2):226-235.
Joseph Therriault, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Andrea L. Benedet, Tharick A. Pascoal, Serge Gauthier, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Staging of Alzheimer’s disease: past, present, and future perspectives,Trends in Molecular Medicine. 2022; 28(9): 726-741.
Silva, M.V.F., Loures, C.d.M.G., Alves, L.C.V. et al. Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and potentially protective measures. J Biomed Sci. 26, 33 (2019).
Caruso A, Nicoletti F, Gaetano A, Scaccianoce S. Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Stress. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Sep 10;10:976.
WORMS Editorial Board. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species [Internet]. World Register of Marine Species; 2024.
Bishop Museum. Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii. Bishop Museum was established in 1889 to preserve and share the natural and cultural history of Hawai'i and the Pacific [Internet]. Honolulu: Bishop Museum; 2023.
Rupérez P. Mineral content of edible marine seaweeds. Food Chem. 2002;79(1):23-6.
De Souza, C.B., de Lira, D.P., Cavalcante-Silva, L.H.A., de Araújo-Júnior, J.X., & de Oliveira Rocha, H.A. (2007). Bioactive substances of seaweeds: studies on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(4),631-637.
Wijesinghe, W.A.J.P., & Jeon, Y.J. (2012). Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) of bioactive components: A useful approach for recovery of industrially important metabolites from seaweeds: A review. Fitoterapia, 83(1), 6-12.