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Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 4

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November 22, 2024
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November 22, 2024
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Therapeutic advances in understanding, diagnosis and treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis

A Dhanush Kumar
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad- 500100
Nandini Penchala
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad- 500100
Pakala Akhila Reddy
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad- 500100
Shaik Parveen
Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad- 500100

Corresponding Author(s) : A Dhanush Kumar

dhanushkumar2003@gmail.com

International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 4

Abstract

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder within the broader category of multiple sclerosis (MS) that significantly impacts quality of life due to continuous neuroinflammation and gradual neuronal loss. Unlike relapsing-remitting MS, PMS exhibits minimal acute inflammatory activity and is instead characterized by a steady progression of neurological decline. Recent therapeutic advancements have focused on addressing both the neurodegenerative and immune-mediated components of PMS, with limited success in disease modification. This review explores the pathophysiology, diagnostic advances, therapeutic developments, and emerging research directions in PMS. The pathophysiology section highlights key mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and CNS compartmentalized inflammation, which contribute to progressive axonal and neuronal damage. Diagnostic improvements encompass advanced imaging modalities, such as high-resolution MRI and novel biomarkers like neurofilament light chain (NfL), which enable earlier and more accurate disease monitoring. The review also discusses current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and experimental treatments, including monoclonal antibodies, GM-CSF antagonists, and IL-2 receptor inhibitors, focusing on their potential to attenuate disease progression. Additionally, symptomatic management approaches and the role of neurostimulatory techniques in enhancing patient quality of life are examined. Future directions suggest that biomarkers for precision medicine, alongside advancements in cell-based therapies and gene-editing technologies, could provide targeted and individualized treatments for PMS. This review synthesizes current knowledge on PMS and emphasizes the need for continued innovation to effectively manage and ultimately mitigate disease progression.


           

Keywords

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutic Advances Neuroinflammation Neurodegeneration Diagnostic Techniques Disease-Modifying Therapies Biomarkers Precision Medicine
A Dhanush Kumar, Nandini Penchala, Pakala Akhila Reddy, & Shaik Parveen. (2024). Therapeutic advances in understanding, diagnosis and treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, 12(4), 504–516. Retrieved from https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1533
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