Spatial and Verbal Memory in Different Trimesters of Pregnancy: a Prospective Study
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohd Imtiyaz Shaikh
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): 2014 Volume 2- Issue -4
Abstract
The present study was aimed to observe spatial and verbal memory changes during different trimesters of pregnancy. The present study has been conducted in 80 Antenatal patients (20-35 years) who were diagnosed with pregnancy for the first time without any pathology. Spatial and verbal memory test was used to assess cognition. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Data was presented as mean ±SD and P value <0.05 was considered as significant. One way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test was applied to observe the significance. Significant decrease in spatial memory was observed in second and third trimesters, when compared with first trimester. Verbal memory was not significantly changed in second trimester. However, in third trimester verbal memory decreased significantly when compared with second trimester. We have observed decline in memory during pregnancy. However, generalizations are not possible in this area as the study was conducted in only one centre. We recommend similar studies with higher sample size and involving multiple centers to understand the cognitive changes during pregnancy.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
-
[1]. Crystal G. What is Pregnancy Brain? Wise Geek (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-pregnancy-brain.htm). [2]. BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board. Forgetfulness during Pregnancy. BabyCenter
(http://www.babycenter.com/0_forgetfulness-during-pregnancy_236.bc).
[3]. Denis Campbell. Pregnancy „does cause memory loss?. The Guardian 2008; 3 February (http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/feb/03/medicalresearch.pregnancy).
[4]. Kinsley CH, Madonia L, Gifford GW, Tureski K, Griffin GR, Lowry C, et al. Motherhood improves learning and memory. Nature 1999 ; 402: 137– 8.
[5]. Bodensteiner KJ, Cain P, Ray AS, Hamula LA. Effects of pregnancy on spatial cognition in female Hooded Long-Evans rats. Horm Behav 2006; 49: 303– 14.
[6]. Helen Christensen, Liana S. Leach, Andrew Mackinnon. Cognition in pregnancy and motherhood: prospective cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2010, 196 (2):126-132.
[7]. Manjunath NK, Telles S. Spatial and verbal memory test scores following yoga and fine arts camps for school children. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 48: 353-356.
[8]. Brindle, P. M., Brown, M. W., Brown, J., Griffith, H. B., and Turner, G. M. Objective and subjective memory impairment in pregnancy. Psychological Medicine. 1991; 21, 647-653.
[9]. Keenan, P. A., Yaldoo, D. T., Stress, M. E., Fuerst, D. R., and Ginsberg, K. A. Explicit memory in pregnant women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998; 179, 731-737.
[10]. Henry, J. D., and Rendell, P. G. A review of the impact of pregnancy on memory function. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2007; 29: 793-803.
[11]. Crawley, R., Grant, S., and Hinshaw, K. Cognitive changes in pregnancy: Mild decline or societal stereotype?
Applied cognitive psychology 2008; 22: 1142-1162.
References
(http://www.babycenter.com/0_forgetfulness-during-pregnancy_236.bc).
[3]. Denis Campbell. Pregnancy „does cause memory loss?. The Guardian 2008; 3 February (http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/feb/03/medicalresearch.pregnancy).
[4]. Kinsley CH, Madonia L, Gifford GW, Tureski K, Griffin GR, Lowry C, et al. Motherhood improves learning and memory. Nature 1999 ; 402: 137– 8.
[5]. Bodensteiner KJ, Cain P, Ray AS, Hamula LA. Effects of pregnancy on spatial cognition in female Hooded Long-Evans rats. Horm Behav 2006; 49: 303– 14.
[6]. Helen Christensen, Liana S. Leach, Andrew Mackinnon. Cognition in pregnancy and motherhood: prospective cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2010, 196 (2):126-132.
[7]. Manjunath NK, Telles S. Spatial and verbal memory test scores following yoga and fine arts camps for school children. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 48: 353-356.
[8]. Brindle, P. M., Brown, M. W., Brown, J., Griffith, H. B., and Turner, G. M. Objective and subjective memory impairment in pregnancy. Psychological Medicine. 1991; 21, 647-653.
[9]. Keenan, P. A., Yaldoo, D. T., Stress, M. E., Fuerst, D. R., and Ginsberg, K. A. Explicit memory in pregnant women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998; 179, 731-737.
[10]. Henry, J. D., and Rendell, P. G. A review of the impact of pregnancy on memory function. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 2007; 29: 793-803.
[11]. Crawley, R., Grant, S., and Hinshaw, K. Cognitive changes in pregnancy: Mild decline or societal stereotype?
Applied cognitive psychology 2008; 22: 1142-1162.