To evaluate the physical fitness of female medical students involved in sports in terms of VO2 max, handgrip strength, handgrip endurance and compare it with those not involved in physical activities - A cross sectional study
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr. Mukesh Kumar
mkumar5031@rediffmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 3
Abstract
Background
Physical activity increases oxygen supply to various organ thus increases VO2 max and increase muscular strength.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of the present study was to understand the influence of regular physical activity on VO2max, handgrip strength and handgrip endurance and to compare it with non exercising female.
Methodology
The subjects consisted of 30 control (not involved in any physical activity), 15 runners and 15 volleyball player without any history of respiratory disease, cardiac disease or any other chronic disease. VO2max was calculated by queen college step test whereas handgrip strength and handgrip endurance was measured by using handgrip dynamometer.
Results
Runners showed superior aerobic capacity (VO2max). Handgrip strength found to be higher in volleyball players as compared to runners and control. When comparing all groups there is no significant difference (p>0.5) in Handgrip endurance.
Keywords
VO2max
handgrip strength
handgrip endurance
1.
Pooja, Dr. Mukesh Kumar, Dr. Sanjeet Singh. To evaluate the physical fitness of female medical students involved in sports in terms of VO2 max, handgrip strength, handgrip endurance and compare it with those not involved in physical activities - A cross sectional study. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Aug. 19 [cited 2026 Jan. 13];9(3):485-92. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1053
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References
-
[1] Mehrotra PK, Varma N, Tiwari S, Kumar P. Pulmonary functions in Indian sportsmen playing different sports. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 1998; 42 (3):412-6.
[2] Guyton AC and Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition.
[3] President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Physical Fitness Research Digest. Series 1, no.1. Washington, DC, 1971.
[4] Shephard RJ, Allen C, Benade AJ, Davies CR et al. The maximum oxygen intake-an international reference standard of cardio-respiratory fitness. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1968; 38: 757-764.
[5] Shephard RJ. Karger and Basel. Cardio-respiratory fitness—a new look at maximum oxygen intake in medicine and sport. Advances in exercise physiology. 1976 ; 9: 61-84
[6] American College of Sports Medicine, editor. ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 Jan 21.
[7] De AK, Dasgupta PK, Panda BK, Bhattacharya AK. Physical efficiency tests on Indian male" Kabaddi" inter-university players. Brit J Sports Med.1982; 16(1):33-36.
[8] Lakhera SC, Mathew L, Rastogi SK, Sen J. Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol. 1984;28(3):187-94
[9] Nabi T, Rafiq N, Qayoom O. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step test. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2015; 6(5):418-21.
[10] Bandyopadhyay A. Queen's college step test as an alternative of Harvard step test in young Indian women. International Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2008; 6:15-20.
[11] Dasgupta PK, Mukhopadhyay AK, De AK. A study of cardio-pulmonary efficiency in different categories of runners. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol 2000; 44(2):220- 224.
[12] Kausar A, Mudassir S, Badaam KM, Shete A.N., Khan S. Cardiorespiratory Fitness of University Volleyball Players and Sedentary Young People in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra Province in India. JCDR. 2015l; 9(7):CC20-21.
[13] Schaefer ME, Allert JA, Adams HR, Laughlin MH. Adrenergic responsiveness and intrinsic sinoatrial automaticity of exercise-trained rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992; 24(8):887-94.
[14] Hulke SM, Phatak SM, Vaidya YP. Cardiorespiratory response to aerobic exercise programs with different intensity: 20 weeks longitudinal study. J Res Med Sci: 2012; 17(7):649-655.
[15] Andersen P, Henriksson J. Capillary supply of the Quadriceps Femoris muscle of man: Adaptive Response to Exercise. J. physiol. 1977; 270(3):677-90.
[16] Tietjen-Smith T, Smith SW, Martin M, Henry R, Weeks S, Bryant A. Grip strength in relation to overall strength and functional capacity in very old and oldest old females. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. 2006; 24(4):63-78.
[17] Foo LH. Influence of body composition, muscle strength, diet and physical activity on total body and forearm bone mass in Chinese adolescent girls. British journal of Nutrition. 2007; 98(6):1281-7.
[18] Lad UP, Satyanarayana P et al. Study on the correlation between the body mass index (BMI), the body fat percentage, the handgrip strength and the handgrip endurance in underweight, normal weight and overweight adolescents. J Clinical and Diagnostic Research: 2013; 7(1):51-54.
[19] Koley S, Kaur SP. Correlations of handgrip strength with selected hand-arm-anthropometric variables in Indian inter-university female volleyball players. Asian journal of sports medicine. 2011; 2(4):220.
[20] Fry AC, Ciroslan D, Fry MD et al. Anthropometric and performance variables discriminating elite American junior men weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(4):861-866.
[21] Bonitch-Góngora JG, Almeida F, Padial Puche P, Bonitch-Domínguez JG, Feriche B. Maximal isometric handgrip strength and endurance differences between elite and non-elite young judo athletes. International Scientific Literature Inc.,2013.
References
[1] Mehrotra PK, Varma N, Tiwari S, Kumar P. Pulmonary functions in Indian sportsmen playing different sports. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 1998; 42 (3):412-6.
[2] Guyton AC and Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition.
[3] President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Physical Fitness Research Digest. Series 1, no.1. Washington, DC, 1971.
[4] Shephard RJ, Allen C, Benade AJ, Davies CR et al. The maximum oxygen intake-an international reference standard of cardio-respiratory fitness. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1968; 38: 757-764.
[5] Shephard RJ. Karger and Basel. Cardio-respiratory fitness—a new look at maximum oxygen intake in medicine and sport. Advances in exercise physiology. 1976 ; 9: 61-84
[6] American College of Sports Medicine, editor. ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 Jan 21.
[7] De AK, Dasgupta PK, Panda BK, Bhattacharya AK. Physical efficiency tests on Indian male" Kabaddi" inter-university players. Brit J Sports Med.1982; 16(1):33-36.
[8] Lakhera SC, Mathew L, Rastogi SK, Sen J. Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol. 1984;28(3):187-94
[9] Nabi T, Rafiq N, Qayoom O. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step test. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2015; 6(5):418-21.
[10] Bandyopadhyay A. Queen's college step test as an alternative of Harvard step test in young Indian women. International Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2008; 6:15-20.
[11] Dasgupta PK, Mukhopadhyay AK, De AK. A study of cardio-pulmonary efficiency in different categories of runners. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol 2000; 44(2):220- 224.
[12] Kausar A, Mudassir S, Badaam KM, Shete A.N., Khan S. Cardiorespiratory Fitness of University Volleyball Players and Sedentary Young People in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra Province in India. JCDR. 2015l; 9(7):CC20-21.
[13] Schaefer ME, Allert JA, Adams HR, Laughlin MH. Adrenergic responsiveness and intrinsic sinoatrial automaticity of exercise-trained rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992; 24(8):887-94.
[14] Hulke SM, Phatak SM, Vaidya YP. Cardiorespiratory response to aerobic exercise programs with different intensity: 20 weeks longitudinal study. J Res Med Sci: 2012; 17(7):649-655.
[15] Andersen P, Henriksson J. Capillary supply of the Quadriceps Femoris muscle of man: Adaptive Response to Exercise. J. physiol. 1977; 270(3):677-90.
[16] Tietjen-Smith T, Smith SW, Martin M, Henry R, Weeks S, Bryant A. Grip strength in relation to overall strength and functional capacity in very old and oldest old females. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. 2006; 24(4):63-78.
[17] Foo LH. Influence of body composition, muscle strength, diet and physical activity on total body and forearm bone mass in Chinese adolescent girls. British journal of Nutrition. 2007; 98(6):1281-7.
[18] Lad UP, Satyanarayana P et al. Study on the correlation between the body mass index (BMI), the body fat percentage, the handgrip strength and the handgrip endurance in underweight, normal weight and overweight adolescents. J Clinical and Diagnostic Research: 2013; 7(1):51-54.
[19] Koley S, Kaur SP. Correlations of handgrip strength with selected hand-arm-anthropometric variables in Indian inter-university female volleyball players. Asian journal of sports medicine. 2011; 2(4):220.
[20] Fry AC, Ciroslan D, Fry MD et al. Anthropometric and performance variables discriminating elite American junior men weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(4):861-866.
[21] Bonitch-Góngora JG, Almeida F, Padial Puche P, Bonitch-Domínguez JG, Feriche B. Maximal isometric handgrip strength and endurance differences between elite and non-elite young judo athletes. International Scientific Literature Inc.,2013.
[2] Guyton AC and Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th Edition.
[3] President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Physical Fitness Research Digest. Series 1, no.1. Washington, DC, 1971.
[4] Shephard RJ, Allen C, Benade AJ, Davies CR et al. The maximum oxygen intake-an international reference standard of cardio-respiratory fitness. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1968; 38: 757-764.
[5] Shephard RJ. Karger and Basel. Cardio-respiratory fitness—a new look at maximum oxygen intake in medicine and sport. Advances in exercise physiology. 1976 ; 9: 61-84
[6] American College of Sports Medicine, editor. ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 Jan 21.
[7] De AK, Dasgupta PK, Panda BK, Bhattacharya AK. Physical efficiency tests on Indian male" Kabaddi" inter-university players. Brit J Sports Med.1982; 16(1):33-36.
[8] Lakhera SC, Mathew L, Rastogi SK, Sen J. Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol. 1984;28(3):187-94
[9] Nabi T, Rafiq N, Qayoom O. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step test. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2015; 6(5):418-21.
[10] Bandyopadhyay A. Queen's college step test as an alternative of Harvard step test in young Indian women. International Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2008; 6:15-20.
[11] Dasgupta PK, Mukhopadhyay AK, De AK. A study of cardio-pulmonary efficiency in different categories of runners. Indian J of physiol and pharmacol 2000; 44(2):220- 224.
[12] Kausar A, Mudassir S, Badaam KM, Shete A.N., Khan S. Cardiorespiratory Fitness of University Volleyball Players and Sedentary Young People in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra Province in India. JCDR. 2015l; 9(7):CC20-21.
[13] Schaefer ME, Allert JA, Adams HR, Laughlin MH. Adrenergic responsiveness and intrinsic sinoatrial automaticity of exercise-trained rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992; 24(8):887-94.
[14] Hulke SM, Phatak SM, Vaidya YP. Cardiorespiratory response to aerobic exercise programs with different intensity: 20 weeks longitudinal study. J Res Med Sci: 2012; 17(7):649-655.
[15] Andersen P, Henriksson J. Capillary supply of the Quadriceps Femoris muscle of man: Adaptive Response to Exercise. J. physiol. 1977; 270(3):677-90.
[16] Tietjen-Smith T, Smith SW, Martin M, Henry R, Weeks S, Bryant A. Grip strength in relation to overall strength and functional capacity in very old and oldest old females. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. 2006; 24(4):63-78.
[17] Foo LH. Influence of body composition, muscle strength, diet and physical activity on total body and forearm bone mass in Chinese adolescent girls. British journal of Nutrition. 2007; 98(6):1281-7.
[18] Lad UP, Satyanarayana P et al. Study on the correlation between the body mass index (BMI), the body fat percentage, the handgrip strength and the handgrip endurance in underweight, normal weight and overweight adolescents. J Clinical and Diagnostic Research: 2013; 7(1):51-54.
[19] Koley S, Kaur SP. Correlations of handgrip strength with selected hand-arm-anthropometric variables in Indian inter-university female volleyball players. Asian journal of sports medicine. 2011; 2(4):220.
[20] Fry AC, Ciroslan D, Fry MD et al. Anthropometric and performance variables discriminating elite American junior men weightlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(4):861-866.
[21] Bonitch-Góngora JG, Almeida F, Padial Puche P, Bonitch-Domínguez JG, Feriche B. Maximal isometric handgrip strength and endurance differences between elite and non-elite young judo athletes. International Scientific Literature Inc.,2013.