Babesiosis : A Short review
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr, N. Sriram
srirampharma@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 2
Abstract
Babesiosis or piroplasmosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with a eukaryotic parasite from the order Piroplasmida, typically a Babesia or Theileria from the phylum Apicomplexa. Human babesiosis is mainly transmitted by tick bites in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States, as well as parts of Europe, with occasional transmission elsewhere. When the weather is warm, this happens. Babesia parasites can be transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick, a blood transfusion from an infected blood product donor, or congenital transmission from a mother to her child. Ticks spread babesiosis, and it often coexists with other tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease. After trypanosomes, babesia is thought to be the second most common blood parasite in mammals. Mild winters may have a substantial negative effect on the wellbeing of domestic animals in mild climates. The disease Texas cattle fever, also known as redwater fever, affects cattle.
Keywords
Babesiosis
Eukaryotic parasite
Infant
Lyme disease
1.
Dr, N. Sriram, Shivam Choudghal, Shreya Jain, Henrita Boro, Gurpreet Singh Multani, Jasmeen kaur. Babesiosis : A Short review. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Jul. 22 [cited 2026 Feb. 10];9(2):422-6. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1034
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References
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1. Human babesiosis, Maine, USA, 1995–2011.. Smith R, Elias SP, Borelli TJ, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20(10):1727-30.
2. Babesia microti infection, eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Perez Acosta ME, Ender PT, Smith EM, Jahre JA. Emerg Infect Dis 2013;19(7):1105-7.
3. "babesia" at Merriam-Webster online.
4. Vannier, Edouard; Krause, Peter J. (21 June 2012). "Human Babesiosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (25): 2397–2407. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1202018.
5. Definition of Piroplasma". lexic.us. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
6. Babesiosis in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA. Joseph JT, Roy SS, Shams N, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(5):843-7.
7. Babesiosis in immunocompetent patients, Europe. Martinot M, Zadeh MM, Hansmann Y, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(1):114-6.
8. Fatal babesiosis in man, Finland, 2004. Haapasalo K, Suomalainen P, Sukura A, Siikamaki H, Jokiranta TS. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(7):1116-8.
9. Babesiosis acquired through blood transfusion, California, USA. Ngo V, Civen R. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(5):785-7.
10. Natural transmission of zoonotic Babesia spp. by Ixodes ricinus ticks. Becker CA, Bouju-Albert A, Jouglin M, Chauvin A, Malandrin L. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(2):320-2.
11. Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State Herwaldt BL, de Bruyn G, Pieniazek NJ, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10(4):622-9.
12. Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS (2008). "Babesiosis: Recent insights into an ancient disease". Int J Parasitol. 38 (11): 1219–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.001
13. Shaw, Susan E.; Day, Michael J. (11 April 2005). Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Manson Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-84076-578-6.
14. Krause PJ, Telford S, Spielman A, et al. (November 1996). "Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia" (PDF). J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 (11): 2791–4.
15. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: a review.external icon Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. JAMA 2016;315:1767–77.
16. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1089-134. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:941.
17. Conrad PA, Kjemtrup AM, Carreno RA, et al. Description of Babesia duncani n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Intern J Parasitol 2006:36:779-89.
References
1. Human babesiosis, Maine, USA, 1995–2011.. Smith R, Elias SP, Borelli TJ, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20(10):1727-30.
2. Babesia microti infection, eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Perez Acosta ME, Ender PT, Smith EM, Jahre JA. Emerg Infect Dis 2013;19(7):1105-7.
3. "babesia" at Merriam-Webster online.
4. Vannier, Edouard; Krause, Peter J. (21 June 2012). "Human Babesiosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (25): 2397–2407. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1202018.
5. Definition of Piroplasma". lexic.us. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
6. Babesiosis in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA. Joseph JT, Roy SS, Shams N, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(5):843-7.
7. Babesiosis in immunocompetent patients, Europe. Martinot M, Zadeh MM, Hansmann Y, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(1):114-6.
8. Fatal babesiosis in man, Finland, 2004. Haapasalo K, Suomalainen P, Sukura A, Siikamaki H, Jokiranta TS. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(7):1116-8.
9. Babesiosis acquired through blood transfusion, California, USA. Ngo V, Civen R. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(5):785-7.
10. Natural transmission of zoonotic Babesia spp. by Ixodes ricinus ticks. Becker CA, Bouju-Albert A, Jouglin M, Chauvin A, Malandrin L. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(2):320-2.
11. Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State Herwaldt BL, de Bruyn G, Pieniazek NJ, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10(4):622-9.
12. Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS (2008). "Babesiosis: Recent insights into an ancient disease". Int J Parasitol. 38 (11): 1219–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.001
13. Shaw, Susan E.; Day, Michael J. (11 April 2005). Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Manson Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-84076-578-6.
14. Krause PJ, Telford S, Spielman A, et al. (November 1996). "Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia" (PDF). J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 (11): 2791–4.
15. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: a review.external icon Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. JAMA 2016;315:1767–77.
16. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1089-134. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:941.
17. Conrad PA, Kjemtrup AM, Carreno RA, et al. Description of Babesia duncani n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Intern J Parasitol 2006:36:779-89.
2. Babesia microti infection, eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Perez Acosta ME, Ender PT, Smith EM, Jahre JA. Emerg Infect Dis 2013;19(7):1105-7.
3. "babesia" at Merriam-Webster online.
4. Vannier, Edouard; Krause, Peter J. (21 June 2012). "Human Babesiosis". New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (25): 2397–2407. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1202018.
5. Definition of Piroplasma". lexic.us. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
6. Babesiosis in Lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA. Joseph JT, Roy SS, Shams N, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(5):843-7.
7. Babesiosis in immunocompetent patients, Europe. Martinot M, Zadeh MM, Hansmann Y, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17(1):114-6.
8. Fatal babesiosis in man, Finland, 2004. Haapasalo K, Suomalainen P, Sukura A, Siikamaki H, Jokiranta TS. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(7):1116-8.
9. Babesiosis acquired through blood transfusion, California, USA. Ngo V, Civen R. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(5):785-7.
10. Natural transmission of zoonotic Babesia spp. by Ixodes ricinus ticks. Becker CA, Bouju-Albert A, Jouglin M, Chauvin A, Malandrin L. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(2):320-2.
11. Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State Herwaldt BL, de Bruyn G, Pieniazek NJ, et al. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10(4):622-9.
12. Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS (2008). "Babesiosis: Recent insights into an ancient disease". Int J Parasitol. 38 (11): 1219–37. doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.001
13. Shaw, Susan E.; Day, Michael J. (11 April 2005). Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Manson Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-84076-578-6.
14. Krause PJ, Telford S, Spielman A, et al. (November 1996). "Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia" (PDF). J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 (11): 2791–4.
15. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: a review.external icon Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT. JAMA 2016;315:1767–77.
16. Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1089-134. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:941.
17. Conrad PA, Kjemtrup AM, Carreno RA, et al. Description of Babesia duncani n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms. Intern J Parasitol 2006:36:779-89.