Intraoral Scanners – an Overview
Corresponding Author(s) : Dr. Narendra Padiyar U
drnpadiyaru@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 2
Abstract
Background
Common impression materials used in Fixed Prosthodontics like polyether and polyvinvlsiloxane have excellent dimensional stability, but many factors like temperature, surface wettability of gypsum products and disinfection procedures may result in material distortion and affect accuracy of the prosthesis. In the conventional CAD-CAM technique, the impressions have to be poured in gypsum and the models obtained sent to the labs where these stone models are scanned with an extra oral scanner and prosthesis fabricated. An improvement to this became possible when intraoral scanners were introduced which could directly scan the hard and soft tissues inside the oral cavity to obtain a completely digital impression. ManyIntraoral scanners are available now. Some Intraoral scanners need a powder of titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide to eliminate reflection while scanning the target area while others do not .The intraoral scanners project a light source on the target area. The images obtained are processed by software and a 3D model is obtained. There are different principles on which different scanners work.
Aim
Digital dentistry has created a paradigm shift in the field of Prosthodontics. This article provides an overview of the intraoral scanners, their clinical applications in Prosthodontics and their working principles.
Conclusions
Digital impressions are a boon in the field of Prosthodontics. IOS have simplified the clinical procedures and have eliminated the various disadvantages of conventional impression materials. Currently, there are many commercially available IOS in the market which are accurate for making crowns, bridges,veneers, inlays/onlays, dentures and even for smile designing. However, there is no sufficient data available that supports the use of IOS for full arch prosthesis. IOS have also proved to be a boon even in the field of Implant Prosthodontics.
Keywords
Intraoral scanners
digital scanners
CAD/CAM systems
optical impressions
digital Prosthodontics
1.
Dr. Aditi Sharma, Dr. Narendra Padiyar U, Dr. Pragati Kaurani, Dr. Sudhir Meena, Dr. Devendra Pal Singh, Dr. Ajay Gupta, et al. Intraoral Scanners – an Overview. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 May 24 [cited 2026 Apr. 27];9(2):213-7. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/995
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
References
-
1. Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mörmann WH, Reich S. Intraoral scanning systems - a current overview. Int J ComputDent.2015; 18(2):101-29. PMID 26110925.
2. Digital Dental Revolution: the learning curve. Andrea Agnini, Christian Coachman 2015.
3. Zaruba M, Mehl A. Chair side systems: a current review. Int J ComputDent.2017; 20(2):123-49. PMID 28630955.
4. Prudente MS, Davi LR, Nabbout KO, Prado CJ, Pereira LM, Zancopé K, Neves FD. Influence of scanner, powder application, and adjustments on CAD-CAM crown misfit. J ProsthetDent.2018Mar; 119(3):377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.024. PMID 28689912.
5. Ender A, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods of obtaining complete-arch dental impressions. J ProsthetDent.2016Mar; 115(3):313-20. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.011. PMID 26548890.
6. Ender A, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods for obtaining quadrant dental impressions. Clin Oral Investig.2016Sep;20(7):1495-504. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1641-y. PMID 26547869.
7. Flügge TV, Schlager S, Nelson K, Nahles S, Metzger MC. Precision of intraoral digital dental impressions with iTero and extraoral digitization with the iTero and a model scanner. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2013Sep;144(3):471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.017, PMID 23992820.
8. Ting-Shu S, Jian S. Intraoral digital impression technique: are view. J Prosthodont.2015Jun;24(4):313-21. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12218. PMID 25220390.
9. Martin CB, Chalmers EV, McIntyre GT, Cochrane H, Mossey PA. Orthodontic scanners: what’s available?J Orthod.2015Jun;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001. Erratum in:J Orthod. Chalmers, Elsinore V [corrected to Chalmers, Elinor V]. 2015;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001, PMID 25939980.
10. ManganoF, GandolfiA, LuongoG, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0442-x, PMID 29233132.
11. Christensen GJ. Will digital impressions eliminate the current problems with conventional impressions?J Am Dent Assoc.2008Jun;139(6):761-3. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0258, PMID 18520000.
12. Burhardt L, Livas C, Kerdijk W, van der Meer WJ, Ren Y. Treatment comfort, time perception, and preference for conventional and digital impression techniques: A comparative study in young patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2016Aug;150(2):261-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.027, PMID 27476358.
13. Goracci C, Franchi L, Vichi A, Ferrari M. Accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of intraoral scanners for full-arch impressions: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Eur J Orthod.2016Aug;38(4):422-8. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjv077. PMID 26487391.
14. Patzelt SB, Lamprinos C, Stampf S, Att W. The time efficiency of intraoral scanners: an in vitro comparative study. J Am Dent Assoc.2014Jun;145(6):542-51. doi: 10.14219/jada.2014.23, PMID 24878708.
15. Review of the intraoralscanners at internationaldentalshow (IDS); 2019.
16. Birnbaum, Nathan&Aaronson, Heidi&Stephens.ChrisCohen BOB. 2009. 3D Digital Scanners: A High-Tech Approach to More Accurate Dental Impressions. Inside Dentistry;5.
17. Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, Farges JC, Fages M, Ducret M. Intraoral scannertechnologies: areview to make a successfulimpression. J HealthcEng.2017;2017:8427595. doi: 10.1155/2017/8427595, PMID 29065652, PMCID PMC5605789.
18. Logozzo S, Zanetti EM, Franceschini G, Kilpelä A, MäkynenARecent advances in dental optics – Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry. Opt Lasers Eng. 2014;54:203-21. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.07.017.
19. Lawson NC, Burgess JO. Clinicians reaping benefits of new concepts in impressioning. CompendContinEducDent.2015Feb;36(2):152-3. PMID 25822643.
20. Moon YG, Lee KM. Comparison of the accuracy of intraoral scans between complete-arch scan and quadrant scan. ProgOrthod.2020Oct1;21(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40510-020-00337-1, PMID 33000308, PMCID PMC7527390.
21. Diker B, Tak Ö. Comparing the accuracy of six intraoral scanners on prepared teeth and effect of scanning sequence. J AdvProsthodont.2020Oct;12(5):299-306. doi: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.5.299. PMID 33149851, PMCID PMC7604233.
22. Michelinakis G, Apostolakis D, Tsagarakis A, Kourakis G, Pavlakis E. A comparison of accuracy of 3 intraoral scanners: A single-blinded in vitro study. J ProsthetDent.2020Nov;124(5):581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.023. PMID 31870614.
23. Nagy Z, Simon B, Mennito A, Evans Z, Renne W, Vág J. Comparing the trueness of seven intraoral scanners and a physical impression on dentate human maxilla by a novel method. BMC Oral Health. 2020Apr7;20(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01090-x, PMID 32264943, PMCID PMC7137345.
References
1. Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mörmann WH, Reich S. Intraoral scanning systems - a current overview. Int J ComputDent.2015; 18(2):101-29. PMID 26110925.
2. Digital Dental Revolution: the learning curve. Andrea Agnini, Christian Coachman 2015.
3. Zaruba M, Mehl A. Chair side systems: a current review. Int J ComputDent.2017; 20(2):123-49. PMID 28630955.
4. Prudente MS, Davi LR, Nabbout KO, Prado CJ, Pereira LM, Zancopé K, Neves FD. Influence of scanner, powder application, and adjustments on CAD-CAM crown misfit. J ProsthetDent.2018Mar; 119(3):377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.024. PMID 28689912.
5. Ender A, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods of obtaining complete-arch dental impressions. J ProsthetDent.2016Mar; 115(3):313-20. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.011. PMID 26548890.
6. Ender A, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods for obtaining quadrant dental impressions. Clin Oral Investig.2016Sep;20(7):1495-504. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1641-y. PMID 26547869.
7. Flügge TV, Schlager S, Nelson K, Nahles S, Metzger MC. Precision of intraoral digital dental impressions with iTero and extraoral digitization with the iTero and a model scanner. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2013Sep;144(3):471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.017, PMID 23992820.
8. Ting-Shu S, Jian S. Intraoral digital impression technique: are view. J Prosthodont.2015Jun;24(4):313-21. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12218. PMID 25220390.
9. Martin CB, Chalmers EV, McIntyre GT, Cochrane H, Mossey PA. Orthodontic scanners: what’s available?J Orthod.2015Jun;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001. Erratum in:J Orthod. Chalmers, Elsinore V [corrected to Chalmers, Elinor V]. 2015;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001, PMID 25939980.
10. ManganoF, GandolfiA, LuongoG, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0442-x, PMID 29233132.
11. Christensen GJ. Will digital impressions eliminate the current problems with conventional impressions?J Am Dent Assoc.2008Jun;139(6):761-3. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0258, PMID 18520000.
12. Burhardt L, Livas C, Kerdijk W, van der Meer WJ, Ren Y. Treatment comfort, time perception, and preference for conventional and digital impression techniques: A comparative study in young patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2016Aug;150(2):261-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.027, PMID 27476358.
13. Goracci C, Franchi L, Vichi A, Ferrari M. Accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of intraoral scanners for full-arch impressions: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Eur J Orthod.2016Aug;38(4):422-8. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjv077. PMID 26487391.
14. Patzelt SB, Lamprinos C, Stampf S, Att W. The time efficiency of intraoral scanners: an in vitro comparative study. J Am Dent Assoc.2014Jun;145(6):542-51. doi: 10.14219/jada.2014.23, PMID 24878708.
15. Review of the intraoralscanners at internationaldentalshow (IDS); 2019.
16. Birnbaum, Nathan&Aaronson, Heidi&Stephens.ChrisCohen BOB. 2009. 3D Digital Scanners: A High-Tech Approach to More Accurate Dental Impressions. Inside Dentistry;5.
17. Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, Farges JC, Fages M, Ducret M. Intraoral scannertechnologies: areview to make a successfulimpression. J HealthcEng.2017;2017:8427595. doi: 10.1155/2017/8427595, PMID 29065652, PMCID PMC5605789.
18. Logozzo S, Zanetti EM, Franceschini G, Kilpelä A, MäkynenARecent advances in dental optics – Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry. Opt Lasers Eng. 2014;54:203-21. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.07.017.
19. Lawson NC, Burgess JO. Clinicians reaping benefits of new concepts in impressioning. CompendContinEducDent.2015Feb;36(2):152-3. PMID 25822643.
20. Moon YG, Lee KM. Comparison of the accuracy of intraoral scans between complete-arch scan and quadrant scan. ProgOrthod.2020Oct1;21(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40510-020-00337-1, PMID 33000308, PMCID PMC7527390.
21. Diker B, Tak Ö. Comparing the accuracy of six intraoral scanners on prepared teeth and effect of scanning sequence. J AdvProsthodont.2020Oct;12(5):299-306. doi: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.5.299. PMID 33149851, PMCID PMC7604233.
22. Michelinakis G, Apostolakis D, Tsagarakis A, Kourakis G, Pavlakis E. A comparison of accuracy of 3 intraoral scanners: A single-blinded in vitro study. J ProsthetDent.2020Nov;124(5):581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.023. PMID 31870614.
23. Nagy Z, Simon B, Mennito A, Evans Z, Renne W, Vág J. Comparing the trueness of seven intraoral scanners and a physical impression on dentate human maxilla by a novel method. BMC Oral Health. 2020Apr7;20(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01090-x, PMID 32264943, PMCID PMC7137345.
2. Digital Dental Revolution: the learning curve. Andrea Agnini, Christian Coachman 2015.
3. Zaruba M, Mehl A. Chair side systems: a current review. Int J ComputDent.2017; 20(2):123-49. PMID 28630955.
4. Prudente MS, Davi LR, Nabbout KO, Prado CJ, Pereira LM, Zancopé K, Neves FD. Influence of scanner, powder application, and adjustments on CAD-CAM crown misfit. J ProsthetDent.2018Mar; 119(3):377-83. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.024. PMID 28689912.
5. Ender A, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods of obtaining complete-arch dental impressions. J ProsthetDent.2016Mar; 115(3):313-20. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.011. PMID 26548890.
6. Ender A, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Mehl A. In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods for obtaining quadrant dental impressions. Clin Oral Investig.2016Sep;20(7):1495-504. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1641-y. PMID 26547869.
7. Flügge TV, Schlager S, Nelson K, Nahles S, Metzger MC. Precision of intraoral digital dental impressions with iTero and extraoral digitization with the iTero and a model scanner. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2013Sep;144(3):471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.017, PMID 23992820.
8. Ting-Shu S, Jian S. Intraoral digital impression technique: are view. J Prosthodont.2015Jun;24(4):313-21. doi: 10.1111/jopr.12218. PMID 25220390.
9. Martin CB, Chalmers EV, McIntyre GT, Cochrane H, Mossey PA. Orthodontic scanners: what’s available?J Orthod.2015Jun;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001. Erratum in:J Orthod. Chalmers, Elsinore V [corrected to Chalmers, Elinor V]. 2015;42(2):136-43. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000001, PMID 25939980.
10. ManganoF, GandolfiA, LuongoG, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0442-x, PMID 29233132.
11. Christensen GJ. Will digital impressions eliminate the current problems with conventional impressions?J Am Dent Assoc.2008Jun;139(6):761-3. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0258, PMID 18520000.
12. Burhardt L, Livas C, Kerdijk W, van der Meer WJ, Ren Y. Treatment comfort, time perception, and preference for conventional and digital impression techniques: A comparative study in young patients. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop.2016Aug;150(2):261-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.027, PMID 27476358.
13. Goracci C, Franchi L, Vichi A, Ferrari M. Accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of intraoral scanners for full-arch impressions: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Eur J Orthod.2016Aug;38(4):422-8. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjv077. PMID 26487391.
14. Patzelt SB, Lamprinos C, Stampf S, Att W. The time efficiency of intraoral scanners: an in vitro comparative study. J Am Dent Assoc.2014Jun;145(6):542-51. doi: 10.14219/jada.2014.23, PMID 24878708.
15. Review of the intraoralscanners at internationaldentalshow (IDS); 2019.
16. Birnbaum, Nathan&Aaronson, Heidi&Stephens.ChrisCohen BOB. 2009. 3D Digital Scanners: A High-Tech Approach to More Accurate Dental Impressions. Inside Dentistry;5.
17. Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, Farges JC, Fages M, Ducret M. Intraoral scannertechnologies: areview to make a successfulimpression. J HealthcEng.2017;2017:8427595. doi: 10.1155/2017/8427595, PMID 29065652, PMCID PMC5605789.
18. Logozzo S, Zanetti EM, Franceschini G, Kilpelä A, MäkynenARecent advances in dental optics – Part I: 3D intraoral scanners for restorative dentistry. Opt Lasers Eng. 2014;54:203-21. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.07.017.
19. Lawson NC, Burgess JO. Clinicians reaping benefits of new concepts in impressioning. CompendContinEducDent.2015Feb;36(2):152-3. PMID 25822643.
20. Moon YG, Lee KM. Comparison of the accuracy of intraoral scans between complete-arch scan and quadrant scan. ProgOrthod.2020Oct1;21(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40510-020-00337-1, PMID 33000308, PMCID PMC7527390.
21. Diker B, Tak Ö. Comparing the accuracy of six intraoral scanners on prepared teeth and effect of scanning sequence. J AdvProsthodont.2020Oct;12(5):299-306. doi: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.5.299. PMID 33149851, PMCID PMC7604233.
22. Michelinakis G, Apostolakis D, Tsagarakis A, Kourakis G, Pavlakis E. A comparison of accuracy of 3 intraoral scanners: A single-blinded in vitro study. J ProsthetDent.2020Nov;124(5):581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.023. PMID 31870614.
23. Nagy Z, Simon B, Mennito A, Evans Z, Renne W, Vág J. Comparing the trueness of seven intraoral scanners and a physical impression on dentate human maxilla by a novel method. BMC Oral Health. 2020Apr7;20(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01090-x, PMID 32264943, PMCID PMC7137345.