Copyright (c) 2021 Akhil Mathew, Meryl J Colaco
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Post Covid Pulmonary Fibrosis - Implications of Interdisciplinary Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: Short Communication
Corresponding Author(s) : Akhil Mathew
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue-1
Abstract
Since December, 2019, an outbreak of a novel corona virus disease was reported in Wuhan, China, which has subsequently affected more than 200 countries worldwide. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild to moderate upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The major risk factors for severe corona virus disease are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, namely increasing age, male sex, and co morbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease in which lung function inexorably declines, leading to respiratory failure [1, 2].
References
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[1]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, et al; China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease in China. N Engl J Med 382, 2020, 1708-1720.
[2]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, et al: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323, 2020, 1061.
[3]. Burnham EL, Janssen WJ, Riches DWH, Moss M and Downey GP: The fibroproliferative response in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Mechanisms and clinical significance. EurRespir J, 43, 2014, 276-285.
[4]. Cardinal-Fernández P, Lorente JA, Ballén-Barragán A and Matute-Bello G: Acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage. New insights on a complex relationship. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14, 2017, 844-850.
[5]. Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rodriguez JM, Aramburu JA, Vargas-Errázuriz P, Martín-Pellicer A, Lorente JA and Frutos-Vivar F: Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: A prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies. Lancet Respir Med 1, 2013, 395-401.
[6]. George PM, Wells AU and Jenkins RG: Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID 19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. Lancet Respir Med: (20), 30225-3.
[7]. Huang X, Xiu H, Zhang S and Zhang G: The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2018, 1264913.
[8]. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, et al: Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med: doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020, 0994.
[9]. Wei J, Yang H, Lei P, Fan B, Qiu Y, Zeng B, Yu P, Lv J, Jian Y and Wan C: Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. J XRaySciTechnol 28, 2020, 383-389.
[10]. Dr. U T Ifthikar Ali, Akhil Mathew, ShikhaFathima. Role of physiotherapy in improving respiratory and functional outcomes among COVID-19 survivors -Short communication. Int J of Allied Med Sci and Clin Res, 8(1), 2020, 83-84.
[11]. Beykumul A, Gülbas G. COVID-19 and pulmonary rehabilitation. Eurasian J Pulmonol, S1-22, 2020, 101-4
[12]. Van der Schans C, Prasad A, Main E. Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 2000.
[13]. Vasarmidi et al: Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the covid-19 era; experimental and therapeutic medicine 20, 2020, 2557-2560.
References
[1]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, et al; China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease in China. N Engl J Med 382, 2020, 1708-1720.
[2]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, et al: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323, 2020, 1061.
[3]. Burnham EL, Janssen WJ, Riches DWH, Moss M and Downey GP: The fibroproliferative response in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Mechanisms and clinical significance. EurRespir J, 43, 2014, 276-285.
[4]. Cardinal-Fernández P, Lorente JA, Ballén-Barragán A and Matute-Bello G: Acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage. New insights on a complex relationship. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14, 2017, 844-850.
[5]. Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rodriguez JM, Aramburu JA, Vargas-Errázuriz P, Martín-Pellicer A, Lorente JA and Frutos-Vivar F: Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: A prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies. Lancet Respir Med 1, 2013, 395-401.
[6]. George PM, Wells AU and Jenkins RG: Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID 19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. Lancet Respir Med: (20), 30225-3.
[7]. Huang X, Xiu H, Zhang S and Zhang G: The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2018, 1264913.
[8]. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, et al: Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med: doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020, 0994.
[9]. Wei J, Yang H, Lei P, Fan B, Qiu Y, Zeng B, Yu P, Lv J, Jian Y and Wan C: Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. J XRaySciTechnol 28, 2020, 383-389.
[10]. Dr. U T Ifthikar Ali, Akhil Mathew, ShikhaFathima. Role of physiotherapy in improving respiratory and functional outcomes among COVID-19 survivors -Short communication. Int J of Allied Med Sci and Clin Res, 8(1), 2020, 83-84.
[11]. Beykumul A, Gülbas G. COVID-19 and pulmonary rehabilitation. Eurasian J Pulmonol, S1-22, 2020, 101-4
[12]. Van der Schans C, Prasad A, Main E. Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 2000.
[13]. Vasarmidi et al: Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the covid-19 era; experimental and therapeutic medicine 20, 2020, 2557-2560.
[2]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, et al: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323, 2020, 1061.
[3]. Burnham EL, Janssen WJ, Riches DWH, Moss M and Downey GP: The fibroproliferative response in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Mechanisms and clinical significance. EurRespir J, 43, 2014, 276-285.
[4]. Cardinal-Fernández P, Lorente JA, Ballén-Barragán A and Matute-Bello G: Acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage. New insights on a complex relationship. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14, 2017, 844-850.
[5]. Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rodriguez JM, Aramburu JA, Vargas-Errázuriz P, Martín-Pellicer A, Lorente JA and Frutos-Vivar F: Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: A prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies. Lancet Respir Med 1, 2013, 395-401.
[6]. George PM, Wells AU and Jenkins RG: Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID 19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. Lancet Respir Med: (20), 30225-3.
[7]. Huang X, Xiu H, Zhang S and Zhang G: The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2018, 1264913.
[8]. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, et al: Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med: doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020, 0994.
[9]. Wei J, Yang H, Lei P, Fan B, Qiu Y, Zeng B, Yu P, Lv J, Jian Y and Wan C: Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. J XRaySciTechnol 28, 2020, 383-389.
[10]. Dr. U T Ifthikar Ali, Akhil Mathew, ShikhaFathima. Role of physiotherapy in improving respiratory and functional outcomes among COVID-19 survivors -Short communication. Int J of Allied Med Sci and Clin Res, 8(1), 2020, 83-84.
[11]. Beykumul A, Gülbas G. COVID-19 and pulmonary rehabilitation. Eurasian J Pulmonol, S1-22, 2020, 101-4
[12]. Van der Schans C, Prasad A, Main E. Chest physiotherapy compared to no chest physiotherapy for cystic fibrosis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 2000.
[13]. Vasarmidi et al: Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the covid-19 era; experimental and therapeutic medicine 20, 2020, 2557-2560.