Factors Influencing the Health-Seeking Behavior of the Street Children in Indonesia
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 1 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue-1
Abstract
Background
Assessing the health-seeking behaviour is a key aspect for planning healthcare programmes. Yet, this aspect remains understudied in the street children population in Indonesia.
Objective
To identify the social factors that affect the health-seeking behaviour of the children-on-the-street aged 15-20 years in urban areas in Indonesia.
Method
This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 115 street children were recruited by using simple random sampling method in five shelters in different cities of Indonesia. Data were analysed with descriptive analysis, cross tabulation with ?2 Yates corrections, and double logistic regression
Results
Family support was the strongest factor affecting the health-seeking behaviour of the street adolescents (OR = 4.926).
Conclusion
The results show that strengthening family functioning could be an effective strategy to improve the health outcomes of the street adolescents in the large urban cities of Indonesia.
Keywords
Street children
adolescent
health-seeking behaviour
family support
Indonesia
1.
Chairani R, Aryani R, Lestari TR, Dinarti, Nurhaeni H. Factors Influencing the Health-Seeking Behavior of the Street Children in Indonesia. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 1 [cited 2026 May 2];9(1):51-8. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/953
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
References
-
[1]. National Statistics Bureau of Indonesia. National Population of Indonesia (2010-2035) [Internet]. 2017. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1274
[2]. Directorate of Child Social Welfare of Indonesia. Profil anak Indonesia [Indonesian children profile] [Internet]. 2013. Available from: https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/5b388-6c1ba-profil-anak-indonesia-2013.pdf
[3]. Embleton L, Mwangi A, Vreeman R, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource-constrained settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction [Internet]. 2013;108(10):1722–33.
[4]. Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet [Internet]. 2012;379(9826):1641–52.
[5]. Woan J, Lin J, Auerswald C. The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc Heal [Internet]. 2013;53(3):314-321.e12.
[6]. Gross R, Landfried B, Herman S. Height and weight as a reflection of the nutritional situation of school-aged children working and living in the streets of Jakarta. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 1996 Aug;43(4):453–8.
[7]. World Health Organization. A rapid assessment of health seeking behaviour in relation to sexually transmitted disease [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/HealthcareSeeking.pdf
[8]. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley; 1990. Available from: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41607
[9]. World Health Organization. Working With Street Children: Module 1. A Profile of Street Children [Internet]. Geneva; 2000. Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_MSD_MDP_00.14_Module1.pdf
[10]. Erikson E. Childhood and society. 2nd editio. New York: Norton; 1963.
[11]. Tyler KA, Akinyemi SL, Kort-Butler LA. Correlates of service utilization among homeless youth. Child Youth Serv Rev [Internet]. 2012;34(7):1344–50.
[12]. Winangsih R, Kurniati DPY, Duarsa DP. Faktor Predisposisi, Pendukung dan Pendorong Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja di Kuta Selatan (Predisposing, enabling, and driving factors for utilization of adolescent care health services in South Kuta). Public Heal Prev Med Arch [Internet]. 2015;3(2):133–40.
[13]. Barber BK, Stolz HE, Olsen JA. Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev [Internet]. 2005;70(4):1–137.
[14]. Merrill RM, Njord L, Njord R, Read C, PachanoJDR. The effect of family influence on indicators associated with street life among Filipino street children. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud [Internet]. 2010 Jun 14;5(2):142–50.
[15]. Moreno C, García-Moya I, RiveraF, RamosP. Characterization of vulnerable and resilient spanish adolescents in their developmental contexts. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2016;7(983):1–22.
[16]. Kayiranga G, Mukashema I. Psychosocial Factor of being Street Children in Rwanda. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2014;140:522–7.
[17]. Harianti E, Salmaniah NS. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan orang tua terhadap anak [Factors predicted parents’ committing child abuse]. JPPUMA [Internet]. 2014;2(1):45–57.
[18]. Conger RD, Conger KJ, Martin MJ. Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes, and Individual Development. J Marriage Fam [Internet]. 2010;72(3):685–704.
[19]. Elgar FJ, McKinnon B, Torsheim T, Schnohr CW, MazurJ, CavalloF, et al. Patterns of Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Health Differ According to the Measure of Socioeconomic Position. Soc Indic Res [Internet]. 2016;127(3):1169–80.
[20]. Firebaugh G, Schroeder M. Does Your Neighbor’s Income Affect Your Happiness? Am J Sociol [Internet]. 2009;6(3):247–53.
[21]. Anarfi J. Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease:street children in Accra. Heal Transit [Internet]. 2016;7(1997):281–306.
[22]. Ali M, deMuynck A. Illness incidence and health seeking behaviour among street children in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan - a qualitative study. Child Care Health Dev [Internet]. 2005 Sep;31(5):525–32.
[23]. Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam A-JR, Schaap MM, MenvielleG, LeinsaluM, et al. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008;359(12):1290–1.
[24]. Ishida Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, DeshpandeGA, ShimboT, HinoharaS, et al. Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization for Children in Japan. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;129(1):e113–9.
[25]. Wulandari C, Ode L, Imran A, Syawal A. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di UPTD Puskesmas Langra Kecamatan Wawonii Barat Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan Tahun 2016. 2016;0–8.
References
[1]. National Statistics Bureau of Indonesia. National Population of Indonesia (2010-2035) [Internet]. 2017. 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/linkTabelStatis/view/id/1274
[2]. Directorate of Child Social Welfare of Indonesia. Profil anak Indonesia [Indonesian children profile] [Internet]. 2013. Available from: https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/5b388-6c1ba-profil-anak-indonesia-2013.pdf
[3]. Embleton L, Mwangi A, Vreeman R, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource-constrained settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction [Internet]. 2013;108(10):1722–33.
[4]. Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet [Internet]. 2012;379(9826):1641–52.
[5]. Woan J, Lin J, Auerswald C. The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc Heal [Internet]. 2013;53(3):314-321.e12.
[6]. Gross R, Landfried B, Herman S. Height and weight as a reflection of the nutritional situation of school-aged children working and living in the streets of Jakarta. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 1996 Aug;43(4):453–8.
[7]. World Health Organization. A rapid assessment of health seeking behaviour in relation to sexually transmitted disease [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/HealthcareSeeking.pdf
[8]. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley; 1990. Available from: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41607
[9]. World Health Organization. Working With Street Children: Module 1. A Profile of Street Children [Internet]. Geneva; 2000. Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_MSD_MDP_00.14_Module1.pdf
[10]. Erikson E. Childhood and society. 2nd editio. New York: Norton; 1963.
[11]. Tyler KA, Akinyemi SL, Kort-Butler LA. Correlates of service utilization among homeless youth. Child Youth Serv Rev [Internet]. 2012;34(7):1344–50.
[12]. Winangsih R, Kurniati DPY, Duarsa DP. Faktor Predisposisi, Pendukung dan Pendorong Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja di Kuta Selatan (Predisposing, enabling, and driving factors for utilization of adolescent care health services in South Kuta). Public Heal Prev Med Arch [Internet]. 2015;3(2):133–40.
[13]. Barber BK, Stolz HE, Olsen JA. Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev [Internet]. 2005;70(4):1–137.
[14]. Merrill RM, Njord L, Njord R, Read C, PachanoJDR. The effect of family influence on indicators associated with street life among Filipino street children. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud [Internet]. 2010 Jun 14;5(2):142–50.
[15]. Moreno C, García-Moya I, RiveraF, RamosP. Characterization of vulnerable and resilient spanish adolescents in their developmental contexts. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2016;7(983):1–22.
[16]. Kayiranga G, Mukashema I. Psychosocial Factor of being Street Children in Rwanda. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2014;140:522–7.
[17]. Harianti E, Salmaniah NS. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan orang tua terhadap anak [Factors predicted parents’ committing child abuse]. JPPUMA [Internet]. 2014;2(1):45–57.
[18]. Conger RD, Conger KJ, Martin MJ. Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes, and Individual Development. J Marriage Fam [Internet]. 2010;72(3):685–704.
[19]. Elgar FJ, McKinnon B, Torsheim T, Schnohr CW, MazurJ, CavalloF, et al. Patterns of Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Health Differ According to the Measure of Socioeconomic Position. Soc Indic Res [Internet]. 2016;127(3):1169–80.
[20]. Firebaugh G, Schroeder M. Does Your Neighbor’s Income Affect Your Happiness? Am J Sociol [Internet]. 2009;6(3):247–53.
[21]. Anarfi J. Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease:street children in Accra. Heal Transit [Internet]. 2016;7(1997):281–306.
[22]. Ali M, deMuynck A. Illness incidence and health seeking behaviour among street children in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan - a qualitative study. Child Care Health Dev [Internet]. 2005 Sep;31(5):525–32.
[23]. Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam A-JR, Schaap MM, MenvielleG, LeinsaluM, et al. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008;359(12):1290–1.
[24]. Ishida Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, DeshpandeGA, ShimboT, HinoharaS, et al. Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization for Children in Japan. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;129(1):e113–9.
[25]. Wulandari C, Ode L, Imran A, Syawal A. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di UPTD Puskesmas Langra Kecamatan Wawonii Barat Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan Tahun 2016. 2016;0–8.
[2]. Directorate of Child Social Welfare of Indonesia. Profil anak Indonesia [Indonesian children profile] [Internet]. 2013. Available from: https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/lib/uploads/list/5b388-6c1ba-profil-anak-indonesia-2013.pdf
[3]. Embleton L, Mwangi A, Vreeman R, Ayuku D, Braitstein P. The epidemiology of substance use among street children in resource-constrained settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction [Internet]. 2013;108(10):1722–33.
[4]. Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet [Internet]. 2012;379(9826):1641–52.
[5]. Woan J, Lin J, Auerswald C. The health status of street children and youth in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc Heal [Internet]. 2013;53(3):314-321.e12.
[6]. Gross R, Landfried B, Herman S. Height and weight as a reflection of the nutritional situation of school-aged children working and living in the streets of Jakarta. Soc Sci Med [Internet]. 1996 Aug;43(4):453–8.
[7]. World Health Organization. A rapid assessment of health seeking behaviour in relation to sexually transmitted disease [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/HealthcareSeeking.pdf
[8]. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley; 1990. Available from: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41607
[9]. World Health Organization. Working With Street Children: Module 1. A Profile of Street Children [Internet]. Geneva; 2000. Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_MSD_MDP_00.14_Module1.pdf
[10]. Erikson E. Childhood and society. 2nd editio. New York: Norton; 1963.
[11]. Tyler KA, Akinyemi SL, Kort-Butler LA. Correlates of service utilization among homeless youth. Child Youth Serv Rev [Internet]. 2012;34(7):1344–50.
[12]. Winangsih R, Kurniati DPY, Duarsa DP. Faktor Predisposisi, Pendukung dan Pendorong Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja di Kuta Selatan (Predisposing, enabling, and driving factors for utilization of adolescent care health services in South Kuta). Public Heal Prev Med Arch [Internet]. 2015;3(2):133–40.
[13]. Barber BK, Stolz HE, Olsen JA. Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev [Internet]. 2005;70(4):1–137.
[14]. Merrill RM, Njord L, Njord R, Read C, PachanoJDR. The effect of family influence on indicators associated with street life among Filipino street children. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud [Internet]. 2010 Jun 14;5(2):142–50.
[15]. Moreno C, García-Moya I, RiveraF, RamosP. Characterization of vulnerable and resilient spanish adolescents in their developmental contexts. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2016;7(983):1–22.
[16]. Kayiranga G, Mukashema I. Psychosocial Factor of being Street Children in Rwanda. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2014;140:522–7.
[17]. Harianti E, Salmaniah NS. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan orang tua terhadap anak [Factors predicted parents’ committing child abuse]. JPPUMA [Internet]. 2014;2(1):45–57.
[18]. Conger RD, Conger KJ, Martin MJ. Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes, and Individual Development. J Marriage Fam [Internet]. 2010;72(3):685–704.
[19]. Elgar FJ, McKinnon B, Torsheim T, Schnohr CW, MazurJ, CavalloF, et al. Patterns of Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Health Differ According to the Measure of Socioeconomic Position. Soc Indic Res [Internet]. 2016;127(3):1169–80.
[20]. Firebaugh G, Schroeder M. Does Your Neighbor’s Income Affect Your Happiness? Am J Sociol [Internet]. 2009;6(3):247–53.
[21]. Anarfi J. Vulnerability to sexually transmitted disease:street children in Accra. Heal Transit [Internet]. 2016;7(1997):281–306.
[22]. Ali M, deMuynck A. Illness incidence and health seeking behaviour among street children in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan - a qualitative study. Child Care Health Dev [Internet]. 2005 Sep;31(5):525–32.
[23]. Mackenbach JP, Stirbu I, Roskam A-JR, Schaap MM, MenvielleG, LeinsaluM, et al. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008;359(12):1290–1.
[24]. Ishida Y, Ohde S, Takahashi O, DeshpandeGA, ShimboT, HinoharaS, et al. Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization for Children in Japan. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;129(1):e113–9.
[25]. Wulandari C, Ode L, Imran A, Syawal A. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di UPTD Puskesmas Langra Kecamatan Wawonii Barat Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan Tahun 2016. 2016;0–8.