Histopathological study of thyroid lesions at tertiary care centre: a study of 270 Cases

Abstract

Background
Thyroid gland plays a vital role in maintaining physiology. It is important to diagnose thyroid disorders as most of them can be managed by medical or surgical methods. With improving awareness thyroid diseases are being increasingly diagnosed making it one of the most common endocrine disorder worldwide.
Material and Methods
It is a retrospective study done at department of Pathology, JLNMC, Ajmer, Rajasthan from January 2014 to September 2018 .Material for this study constituted of 270 specimens of thyroid received after thyroidectomy or lobectomy. After proper fixation gross features of all specimens were noted and sections were taken from representative areas, which were then processed and routinely stained with H&E.
Results
Out of 270 thyroid specimens received 26(9.62%) were congenital lesions, 23(8.51%) were inflammatory lesions, 207(76.66%) were benign lesions and 14(5.18%) were malignant lesions. Most common diagnosis was goiter 140 (51.8%) followed by follicular adenoma 42(15.5%). Female: male ratio was 8:1. Most common age group for congenital lesions was <10years, for Inflammatory lesions 31-40 years, for benign diseases 21-50 years and for malignancies of thyroid it was 31-40 years.
Conclusion
The pattern of thyroid lesions as seen in the present study suggests that benign thyroid diseases are more common than malignancies and occur mainly in females of younger age-group. Follicular adenoma is the commonest benign tumor while papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignancy. It is advisable that all cases of thyroid lesions should be carefully evaluated to exclude possibility of thyroid cancer.