Incidence and comparative analysis of adverse drug reactions in antiretroviral therapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy, HAART)

Abstract

The use of antiretroviral therapy especially use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for HIV/AIDS patients has changed the treatment approach. The use of such therapy causes a reduction in mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in HIV patients.

Methods

Previously reported papers related to adverse drug reactions caused by Antiretroviral Therapy during 2003 to 2017 were searched from following referred internet sources.  We shortlisted 13 articles from referred sources. The evaluation of all 13 articles had been done accurately and thoroughly. The incidence of each type of adverse drug reaction (ADR) from entire reported ADRs was analyzed.

Result

A large number of ADRs (3930) were found in 2495 patients (41.52%). The large cases of ADRs (892)were related to Miscellaneous typed which include fever, change in taste, lipodystrophy, weight loss, lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity, blurred vision and adverse effects associated with metabolic changes.  The ADRs reported for Gastrointestinal System were found to be 804.Other includes ADRs related to nervous system 686, skin and subcutaneous tissues 831, and musculoskeletal system 269.

Conclusion

Various types of adverse drug reactions were observed in the current study. Adverse drug reactions are quite predictable and common but their management must be individualized. Reduction in ADRs is possible by educating the patients regarding drug toxicity and efficient Pharmacovigilance strategy.