Comparative Study of PNF Stretching and Foam Rolling on Shoulder Range of Motion and Performance Outcome in Competitive Swimmers

Abstract

Background: Competitive swimming requires optimal shoulder Range of Motion (ROM) to maintain efficient stroke mechanics, propulsion, and athletic performance. Repetitive overhead movements often reduce shoulder mobility, predisposing swimmers to pain and performance deficits. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching and foam rolling are commonly used interventions to improve shoulder ROM and functional performance in athletes.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of PNF stretching and foam rolling on shoulder ROM and performance outcomes in competitive swimmers.

Methods: A comparative pre-test and post-test experimental study was conducted among 40 competitive swimmers aged 15–25 years. Participants were allocated into two groups (n= 20 each). Group A received PNF stretching, while Group B underwent foam rolling for 20 minutes per session, three sessions per week, for six weeks. Shoulder internal and external rotation ROM was assessed using a universal goniometer, and swimming performance was evaluated using the 25-m swimming test. Statistical analysis was performed using paired and independent t-tests, with the level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in shoulder internal and external ROM and 25-m swimming performance following the intervention (p ≤ 0.05). However, participants receiving PNF stretching exhibited significantly greater improvements than those receiving foam rolling in both ROM and performance outcomes.

Conclusion: Both PNF stretching and foam rolling effectively improved shoulder ROM and swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Nevertheless, PNF stretching produced superior improvements and may be considered a more effective intervention for enhancing shoulder mobility and performance in competitive swimmers.