Study the levels of specific biochemical markers and correlating the radiological findings in chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Aim

To study the changes in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum PTH levels and vitamin D levels in chronic renal failure patients. Study the bone changes on X-ray in cases of chronic renal failure. Find out the prevalence and nature of skeletal involvement in chronic renal failure and to associate the severity of skeletal involvement with the duration of chronic renal failure. Associate the biochemical profile changes and bone changes on x-rays and find their significance.

Materials

Study population

50 Stage III chronic kidney disease patients who are under conservative management as well as Dialysis, meeting the Inclusion and Exclusion criteria are selected.

Place of study

Patients who are getting admitted as well as attending outpatient department in Rajah Muthiah Medical College & hospital

Period of study

September 2012 – October 2015.

Inclusion criteria

Patients with chronic kidney disease of stage 3 and above. Patients on both conservative management & on dialysis. Both male & female patients.

Exclusion criteria

Patients presenting with acute kidney injury. (serum creatinine rises by ? 26µmol/L within 48 hours). No previous calcium, phosphate binder, vitamin D supplementation. Not more than 5 years on dialysis. Age >65 years.

Methodology

50 patients of previously diagnosed chronic kidney disease of stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5 and patients on chronic dialysis who are meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria are selected. Necessary investigations are performed and the proforma is filled with the values for each patient.

Conclusion

Out of 50 CKD patients, 35 (70%) patients had x-ray changes depicting skeletal abnormalities. Low calcium levels were found in majority of patients. High Phosphorous levels were found predominantly. High Parathyroid hormone levels were found predominantly. Low Vitamin D levels were found in majority of cases.