Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercises Versus Muscle Energy Technique Combined With Posture Correction Exercises on Neck Pain and Forward Head Posture Among College Students: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural abnormality among college students and may be associated with neck pain and altered cervical alignment. Scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) and muscle energy technique (MET) combined with posture correction exercises are commonly used physiotherapy approaches for managing these impairments.

Objective: To compare the effects of SSE and MET combined with posture correction exercises on neck pain and FHP among college students.

Methods: A comparative experimental study was conducted among 30 college students aged 18–24 years with FHP. Participants were allocated into two groups of 15. Group A received SSE, while Group B received MET combined with posture correction exercises. Both interventions were administered three times per week for four weeks. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores were assessed before and after the intervention. Within-group changes were analysed using paired t-tests, and between-group changes were analysed using independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in CVA and NPRS following the intervention. Group A showed an increase in CVA from 46.87 ± 0.69° to 47.55 ± 1.07° and a reduction in NPRS from 4.13 ± 0.99 to 3.20 ± 0.86. Group B showed an increase in CVA from 46.92 ± 1.03° to 48.24 ± 0.78° and a reduction in NPRS from 4.47 ± 0.52 to 2.53 ± 0.64.

Conclusion: Both SSE and MET combined with posture correction exercises improved cervical posture and reduced neck pain among college students with FHP. The comparative effectiveness of the interventions was determined from the between-group analysis.