Schistosoma in prostate- A case report

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. There are two major forms of schistosomiasis – intestinal and urogenital – caused by five main species of blood fluke. Genital involvement has been described to occur in infection with all species of Schistosoma, but it is particularly frequent in S. haematobium infection. Schistosoma infestation has been particularly endemic  in africa and middle east however, significant change in its geographical distribution has been observed in recent years. Advancement in health and hygiene as well as snail control measures and chemotherapy has eliminated the threat from several endemic countries. On the contrary, population movement from endemic zones and expansion of natural habitat of snail associated with unplanned establishment of dam and irrigation projects has resulted in emergence of newer endemic foci. Here we report a case of schistosoma haematobium in prostate of a 65 year old male patient, presented with swelling over left inguinal region and unable to pass urine. Clinically, diagnosed as grade II prostatomegaly with left inguinal hernia. Ultrasonography shows prostatomegaly with right sided hydronephrosis. Studies have associated schistosomiasis with malignant neoplasia. In the reviewed literature, only few cases of co-occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate and S. haematobium have been reported.