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Islamic Values in Elderly Care: the Perspective of Muslims in Southern Philippines on Nursing Homes
Corresponding Author(s) : Ashley A. Bangcola
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 2
Abstract
Background: With the increasing elderly population in the Philippines, the lack of nursing homes and long-term care centers remains one of the neglected problems. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Filipino Muslims regarding sending their elderly parents to nursing homes in Marawi City, Philippines.
Methods: An exploratory-qualitative design was employed, involving eight Muslim Meranao participants selected via purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Three main themes and thirteen subthemes emerged. Firstly, participants were aware of nursing home benefits but hesitated due to stigma and Islamic principles against abandonment. Secondly, culturally compliant nursing homes were suggested, emphasizing adherence to Islamic customs and values. Lastly, factors influencing willingness to use nursing homes included Islamic obligations, availability of family caregivers, and elder loneliness.
Conclusion: While Islamic beliefs prioritize home care for elders, some Filipino Muslims see the need for culturally compliant nursing homes, particularly for elders with special needs. This highlights the ongoing stigma surrounding nursing home placement and the importance of culturally sensitive elder care initiatives in Filipino Muslim communities.
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- Williamsson, A., & Dellve, L. Developing Eldercare in Ageing Societies: A Qualitative Study on Misaligned Visions and Caged Change Agents. Health & Social Care in the Community, 2023(Article ID 2798463), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2798463.
- Ismail, Z., Ahmad, W. I. W., Hamjah, S. H., & Astina, I. K. The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2021; 50 (12). https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7927
- Boer, B., Hamers, J. P., Zwakhalen, S. M., et al. Quality of care and quality of life of people with dementia living at green care farms: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 2017;17,155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0550-0.
- Roquebert, Q., & Tenand, M. Informal care at old age at home and in nursing homes: Determinants and economic value. European Journal of Health Economics, 2024; 25(4), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-023-01601-x
- Thaib, Z. H. Qur'anic perspectives on caring for the elderly. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu keislaman, 2021; 45(1). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v45i1.759
- Boucher, N. A. Direct engagement with communities and interprofessional learning to factor culture into end-of-life health care delivery. American Journal of Public Health, 2016;106(6), 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303073
- Jadidi, A., Sadeghian, E., Khodaveisi, M., et al. Spiritual needs of the Muslim elderly living in nursing homes: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 2022;61(4), 1514–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01263-0.
- Malagon-Maldonado G. Qualitative Research in Health Design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2014;7(4):120-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758671400700411.
- Cuthill, M. Exploratory research: Citizen participation, local government, and sustainable development in Australia. Sustainable Development, 2002;10, 79-89.
- Chamsi-Pasha, H., & Albar, M. A. Ethical dilemmas at the end of life: Islamic perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 2017; 56(2), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0181-3
- Hammad, S. H., Daher-Nashif, S., Kane, T., & Al-Wattary, N. Sociocultural insights on dementia caregiving in Arab and Muslim communities: The perspectives of family caregivers. Ageing and Society, 2024; 44(2), 357-384. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000277
- Subu, M. A., Holmes, D., Arumugam, A., Al-Yateem, N., Maria Dias, J., Rahman, S. A., Abraham, M. S. Traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness: A qualitative study on causal beliefs and treatment use. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 2022;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2022.2123090
- Klitzman, R., Di Sapia Natarelli, G., Garbuzova, E., et al. Muslim patients in the U.S. confronting challenges regarding end-of-life and palliative care: The experiences and roles of hospital chaplains. BMC Palliative Care, 2023; 22(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01144-1
- Shoaib, A. B., Vawter-Lee, M., Venkatesan, C., & Soliman, A. F. Muslim perspectives on palliative care in perinatal and neonatal patients: A mini-review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2023; 11, 1204941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1204941
- Acas, S., & Loanzon, J. Determinants of Halal Food Purchase Intention among Filipino Muslims in Metro Manila. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2020; 10(3).
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley. 1975.
- Zriker, A., Freund, A., Meshi, Y., & Halevy, G. Honour thy father and thy mother: The meaning of integrating migrant live-in caregivers for elderly in the Haredi society - Challenges and barriers to culturally-sensitive interventions. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 2023; 36(2), 212–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2023.2194243
- Khalaila, R. The relationship between dual filial piety and caregiver burden among Arab family caregivers in Israel. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 2022;15(6), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20220930-02
- Colgan, L. A. 2015. Psychiatrists understanding of Islamic religious beliefs: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Surrey]. Retrieved from https://openresearch.surrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Psychiatrists-understanding-of-Islamic-religious-beliefs/99513644102346#file-0
- Embong, R., Salleh, S., Yusof, W. M. W., Noruddin, N., Ismail, M. Z. Bin, Noor, M. N. M., & Abdullah, N. A. Islamic Belief and Practices: An Integrative Coping Approach to Life Problems. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2017; 6(3), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/V6-I3/3176
- Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis. In: Cooper H, editor. APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Vol. 2, research designs. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association. 2012.
References
Williamsson, A., & Dellve, L. Developing Eldercare in Ageing Societies: A Qualitative Study on Misaligned Visions and Caged Change Agents. Health & Social Care in the Community, 2023(Article ID 2798463), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2798463.
Ismail, Z., Ahmad, W. I. W., Hamjah, S. H., & Astina, I. K. The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2021; 50 (12). https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7927
Boer, B., Hamers, J. P., Zwakhalen, S. M., et al. Quality of care and quality of life of people with dementia living at green care farms: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 2017;17,155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0550-0.
Roquebert, Q., & Tenand, M. Informal care at old age at home and in nursing homes: Determinants and economic value. European Journal of Health Economics, 2024; 25(4), 497–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-023-01601-x
Thaib, Z. H. Qur'anic perspectives on caring for the elderly. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu keislaman, 2021; 45(1). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v45i1.759
Boucher, N. A. Direct engagement with communities and interprofessional learning to factor culture into end-of-life health care delivery. American Journal of Public Health, 2016;106(6), 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303073
Jadidi, A., Sadeghian, E., Khodaveisi, M., et al. Spiritual needs of the Muslim elderly living in nursing homes: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 2022;61(4), 1514–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01263-0.
Malagon-Maldonado G. Qualitative Research in Health Design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal. 2014;7(4):120-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/193758671400700411.
Cuthill, M. Exploratory research: Citizen participation, local government, and sustainable development in Australia. Sustainable Development, 2002;10, 79-89.
Chamsi-Pasha, H., & Albar, M. A. Ethical dilemmas at the end of life: Islamic perspective. Journal of Religion and Health, 2017; 56(2), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0181-3
Hammad, S. H., Daher-Nashif, S., Kane, T., & Al-Wattary, N. Sociocultural insights on dementia caregiving in Arab and Muslim communities: The perspectives of family caregivers. Ageing and Society, 2024; 44(2), 357-384. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000277
Subu, M. A., Holmes, D., Arumugam, A., Al-Yateem, N., Maria Dias, J., Rahman, S. A., Abraham, M. S. Traditional, religious, and cultural perspectives on mental illness: A qualitative study on causal beliefs and treatment use. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 2022;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2022.2123090
Klitzman, R., Di Sapia Natarelli, G., Garbuzova, E., et al. Muslim patients in the U.S. confronting challenges regarding end-of-life and palliative care: The experiences and roles of hospital chaplains. BMC Palliative Care, 2023; 22(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-023-01144-1
Shoaib, A. B., Vawter-Lee, M., Venkatesan, C., & Soliman, A. F. Muslim perspectives on palliative care in perinatal and neonatal patients: A mini-review. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2023; 11, 1204941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1204941
Acas, S., & Loanzon, J. Determinants of Halal Food Purchase Intention among Filipino Muslims in Metro Manila. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2020; 10(3).
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley. 1975.
Zriker, A., Freund, A., Meshi, Y., & Halevy, G. Honour thy father and thy mother: The meaning of integrating migrant live-in caregivers for elderly in the Haredi society - Challenges and barriers to culturally-sensitive interventions. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 2023; 36(2), 212–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2023.2194243
Khalaila, R. The relationship between dual filial piety and caregiver burden among Arab family caregivers in Israel. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 2022;15(6), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20220930-02
Colgan, L. A. 2015. Psychiatrists understanding of Islamic religious beliefs: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Surrey]. Retrieved from https://openresearch.surrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Psychiatrists-understanding-of-Islamic-religious-beliefs/99513644102346#file-0
Embong, R., Salleh, S., Yusof, W. M. W., Noruddin, N., Ismail, M. Z. Bin, Noor, M. N. M., & Abdullah, N. A. Islamic Belief and Practices: An Integrative Coping Approach to Life Problems. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2017; 6(3), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/V6-I3/3176
Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis. In: Cooper H, editor. APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Vol. 2, research designs. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association. 2012.