Epidemiology of severe head injury

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Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 2

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April 27, 2024
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Epidemiology of severe head injury

https://doi.org/10.61096/ijamscr.v12.iss2.2024.128-134
Souhila. Sadat
EHS Salim Zemirli, Faculty of Medicine, Algieria.
Dalila. Zeghdoud
EHS Salim Zemirli, Faculty of Medicine, Algieria.
Dalila. Bougdal
CHU Mustapha Bacha, Faculty of Medicine, Algieria.
Amel.Djerbal
EHS Salim Zemirli, Faculty of Medicine, Algieria.
Moufida .Hamidi
EHS Salim Zemirli, Faculty of Medicine, Algieria.

Corresponding Author(s) : Souhila. Sadat

sadatsouhila@hotmail.fr

International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 2

Abstract

Introduction: Severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) is a major public health problem, with a high incidence rate and a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is the 4th leading cause of death in all age groups and the 1st cause of death in people under 40. It is responsible for numerous serious cognitive and neurological sequelae. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics and predictive factors of mortality in severe head trauma.


Material and methods: Prospective study of STBI admitted to the Salim Zemirli health hospital, started in February 2017 over a period of three years.We collected epidemiological data, circumstances of the trauma, clinical and paraclinical evaluation, treatment instituted, occurrence of infectious complications and mortality. The results were expressed as mean, standard deviation, percentage and confidence interval; the statistical study was carried out using a ᵡ2 test for the univariate analysis of mortality risk factors and the odds ratio for the multivariate analysis.


Results: 150 STBI were collected, with an average age of 34±15.6 years, in the presence of medical history in 25% of cases, the average GS was 6.73 ± 2.8. Anisocoria was observed in 29.33% of cases, mydriasis in 8%, haemodynamic distress in 36% and respiratory distress in 39%, and the CT classification of cerebral lesions according to the Marshall classification was greater than three in 64% of cases. Neurosurgery was indicated in 24% of cases, and the mortality rate was 54%. Univariate analysis of the different prognostic factors for mortality showed that :  age ( P=0.004) , haemodynamic and respiratory instability ( P=0.04) , GLASGOW score ≤ 5 ( P=0.03), MARSHALL classification > 3 ( P=0.003) , presence of pupillary anomaly (P=0.02), infectious complications ( P=0.04) were significantly associated with mortality , multivariate analysis of mortality risk factors showed that age (OR =1.O45) ;   GLASGOW score ≤ 5 (OR =3.88) ; MARSHALL classification > 3 (OR =3.25).


Conclusion: severe head trauma is a major cause of mortality in adults, secondary to a number of factors, which may be either directly related to the trauma or to the conditions in which these patients are cared for.

Keywords

Severe head injury GLASGOW score MARSHALL classification pupillary anomalies
1.
Souhila. Sadat, Dalila. Zeghdoud, Dalila. Bougdal, Amel.Djerbal, Moufida .Hamidi. Epidemiology of severe head injury. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 27 [cited 2025 Nov. 12];12(2):128-34. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1473
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