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Optimizing Antibiotic Use: How Pharmobjective: This Study Aimed to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists Towards Antimicrobial Resistacists Can Address Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
Corresponding Author(s) : B. Krishnamoorthy
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): 2024 Volume -12 - Issue 2
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) management in Khetri Tehsil, Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan, and identify strategies to enhance their understanding and awareness of the issue.
Methods: Community pharmacists were selected as the study population. Registered pharmacists working at retail pharmacies were invited to complete a paper-based questionnaire comprising 10 multiple-choice questions each (MCQs) related to knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning AMR management.
Results: A total of 99 participants provided their responses. Knowledge, Practice and attitudes regarding antimicrobial resistance were evaluated by the percentage of the population given correct answer based on questions asked.
Conclusion: The findings revealed a lack of knowledge and poor practices among community pharmacists regarding antimicrobial resistance, although a positive attitude was observed. These results highlight the need for increased awareness and education to enhance reporting and combat antimicrobial resistance effectively.
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- Al-Faham Z., Habboub G., Takriti F. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Damascus, Syria. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2011;5(05):396–399.
- Vazquez-Lago J., Gonzalez-Gonzalez C. Zapata-Cachafeiro M., et al. Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits towards antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription: a qualitative study of Spanish pharmacists. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e015674–e015677.
- Howard D. H., Scott R. D., 2nd. The economic burden of drug resistance. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2005;41(s4):S283–S286.
- Dhingra S., Rahman N. A. A., Peile E., et al. Microbial resistance movements: an overview of global public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance, and how best to counter. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8: 535668–535722.
- Llor C., Cots J. M. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Catalonia, Spain. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009;48(10):1345–1349.
- Erku D. A. Antimicrobial stewardship: a cross-Sectional survey assessing the perceptions and practices of community pharmacists in Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 2016:1–6.
- Organization W. H. Antibiotic Resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015.
- Ashiru-Oredope D, John K., Sagar V., Eno U., Olaolu O., Hopkins S. Survey of Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours on Antibiotics, Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in the EU/EEA. 2019. Eurosurveillance. 2021; 26
- World Health Organization. (2020). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241517245
- Hinton, P. R. & Brownlow, C. 2004. SPSS explained. Routledge, NY. Oppenheim, A. N. Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement, London, Pinter Publisher, Ltd.1992, 58-59.
- Palestinian Health Information Center (PHIC) General Directorate of Health Policy & Planning Ministry of Health. Ramallah Palestine: Health Annual Report; 2019.
- Wild D., Grove A., Martin M., et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in Health. 2005;8(2):94–104.
- https://gardp.org/learn-about-antibiotics/
- WHO. The role of pharmacist in encouraging prudent use of antibiotics and averting antimicrobial resistance: a review of policy and experience. C. Pp -Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2014.
- Rehman I., Asad M., Bukhsh A., et al. Knowledge and practice of pharmacists toward antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan. Pharmacy. 2018;6(4):p. 116.
- Abubakar U., Tangiisuran B. Knowledge and practices of community pharmacists towards non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2020;42(2):756–764
References
Al-Faham Z., Habboub G., Takriti F. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Damascus, Syria. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2011;5(05):396–399.
Vazquez-Lago J., Gonzalez-Gonzalez C. Zapata-Cachafeiro M., et al. Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits towards antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription: a qualitative study of Spanish pharmacists. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e015674–e015677.
Howard D. H., Scott R. D., 2nd. The economic burden of drug resistance. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2005;41(s4):S283–S286.
Dhingra S., Rahman N. A. A., Peile E., et al. Microbial resistance movements: an overview of global public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance, and how best to counter. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8: 535668–535722.
Llor C., Cots J. M. The sale of antibiotics without prescription in pharmacies in Catalonia, Spain. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009;48(10):1345–1349.
Erku D. A. Antimicrobial stewardship: a cross-Sectional survey assessing the perceptions and practices of community pharmacists in Ethiopia. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 2016:1–6.
Organization W. H. Antibiotic Resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015.
Ashiru-Oredope D, John K., Sagar V., Eno U., Olaolu O., Hopkins S. Survey of Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours on Antibiotics, Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in the EU/EEA. 2019. Eurosurveillance. 2021; 26
World Health Organization. (2020). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241517245
Hinton, P. R. & Brownlow, C. 2004. SPSS explained. Routledge, NY. Oppenheim, A. N. Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement, London, Pinter Publisher, Ltd.1992, 58-59.
Palestinian Health Information Center (PHIC) General Directorate of Health Policy & Planning Ministry of Health. Ramallah Palestine: Health Annual Report; 2019.
Wild D., Grove A., Martin M., et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in Health. 2005;8(2):94–104.
https://gardp.org/learn-about-antibiotics/
WHO. The role of pharmacist in encouraging prudent use of antibiotics and averting antimicrobial resistance: a review of policy and experience. C. Pp -Copenhagen. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2014.
Rehman I., Asad M., Bukhsh A., et al. Knowledge and practice of pharmacists toward antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan. Pharmacy. 2018;6(4):p. 116.
Abubakar U., Tangiisuran B. Knowledge and practices of community pharmacists towards non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 2020;42(2):756–764