Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices About Anti Biotics on Kerala Zone
Corresponding Author(s) : Biju C. R.
tgnp.1979@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023): 2023 Volume -11 - Issue 3
Abstract
To reduce the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance, there is a need to strengthen the knowledge for future prescribers regarding use and prescription of antibiotics. Before that, it is required to have conclusive evidence about knowledge, attitude, and practices of that group. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and the practices of pharmacy students in India with respect to antibiotic resistance and usage. It was a cross?sectional study which was done online through Google forms for a period of 4 months from July to October 2018. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire containing a five?point scale was sent to medical students across India by sharing link through contacts of pharmacy students association kerala colleges. Respondent?driven sampling technique was also adopted for the study. Descriptive statistics, parametric (Chi?square), and nonparametric (Kruskal??Wallis and Mann??Whitney U) tests. A total of 474 responses were received from kerala colleges. The mean score of knowledge was 4.36 ± 0.39. As compared to first year students, knowledge was significantly higher among students of all the years. As much as 83.3% students have consumed antibiotics in previous year of the survey. Around 45% of medical students accepted that they buy antibiotics without a medical prescription. Conclusion: The knowledge level of pharmacy students was quite satisfactory. As far as attitude and practices are concerned, there is a substantial need for improvements.
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance
knowledge
pharmacy students
practices
1.
Anilasree B. P, Biju C. R. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices About Anti Biotics on Kerala Zone. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2023 Jul. 12 [cited 2026 May 3];11(3):223-6. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1334
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References
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1. WHO. The role of pharmacist in self-care and self-medication. Report of the fourth WHO consultative group on the role of pharmacist. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip32e/whozip32e.pdf.
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4. Girish HO, Divya HM, Prabhakaran S, Venugopalan PP, Koppad R, Acharya A. A cross-sectional study on self-medication pattern among medical students at Kannur, North Kerala. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2013;2(45):8693-700. doi: 10.14260/jemds/1509.
5. Shakeel AM, Shakil UR. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural areas of Central Kashmir. Int J Pharm. 2015;5(4):1255-60.
6. Tesaf T, Foltan V, Langsadl L, Binder R. Consumption of antibiotics and self-medication within the Slovak Republic. Acta Fac Pharm Univ Comen. 2005;52:210-7.
7. Sankdia RK, Agrawal M, Rekha PB, Kothari N. A questionnaire based study regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among second year undergraduate medical students. Int J Pharmacol. 2017;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.5530/ijpcs.6.1.1.
8. Stephen S, Sukanya M, Thanu S, Treessa TS, Shettigar D. Self-medication practices among undergraduate nursing students in south India: a cross sectional study. Am Int J Res Sci Tech Eng Mathemat. 2013;3(2):159-62.
9. Aljaouni ME, Hafiz AA, Alalawi HH, Alahmadi GA, AlKhawaja I. Self-medication practice among medical and non-medical students at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Acad Sci Res. 2015;3(4):54-65.
10. Lukovic JA, Miletic V, Pekmezovic T, Trajkovic G, Ratkovic N, Aleksic D et al. Self-medication practices and risk factors for self-medication among medical students in Belgrade, Serbia. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114644, PMID 25503967.
11. Assad T, Karim N, Younus I, Feroz Z. Self-medication patterns among undergraduate medical students: A cross sectional institution based study. PTB Reports Biomed rep. 2017;3(2):43-6. doi: 10.5530/PTB.2017.3.8.
12. Heidarifar R, Koohbor M, Kazemian MM, Mikaili P, Sarahroodi S. Self medication with antibiotics among Iranian Population in Qom State. J Scienti Innovat Res. 2013;2(4):785-9.
13. Imtiaz S, Salam NA, Kamran. Conditions, frequencies, and sociodemographic factors leading self medication practice in Sargodha area of Punjab Pakistan. J Appl Pharm. 2013;5(4):819-26.
14. Khan SJ, Amanullah KS, Shah N. Self-medication with antibiotics in urban areas of Peshawar. Gomal J Med Sci. 2011;9(1):1-4.
15. Keshari SS, Kesarwani P, Mishra M. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural area of Barabanki. Ind J Clin Pract. 2014;25(7):636-9.
16. Divya S, Katlam S, Mohanty IR, Jindal JD, Deshmukh YA. Comparative assessment of self-medication practices among under-graduate medical and engineering students. J Commun Healt Managem. 2014;1(1):23-9.
17. Kasulkar AA, Gupta M. Self-medication practices among medical students of a private institute. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2015;77(2):178-82. doi: 10.4103/0250-474x.156569, PMID 26009650.
18. Donkor ES, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Nartey P, Agyeman IO. Self-medication practices with antibiotics among tertiary level students in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(10):3519-29. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9103519, PMID 23202760.
References
1. WHO. The role of pharmacist in self-care and self-medication. Report of the fourth WHO consultative group on the role of pharmacist. Available from: https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip32e/whozip32e.pdf.
2. Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Uchôa E. Bambuí Project: a qualitative approach to self-medication. Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20(6):1661-9. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2004000600025, PMID 15608869.
3. Gupta M. kasulkar AA. Pattern of self-medication among dental students in private institute. Int J Recent Tren Sci Technol. 2015;16(3):603-5.
4. Girish HO, Divya HM, Prabhakaran S, Venugopalan PP, Koppad R, Acharya A. A cross-sectional study on self-medication pattern among medical students at Kannur, North Kerala. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2013;2(45):8693-700. doi: 10.14260/jemds/1509.
5. Shakeel AM, Shakil UR. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural areas of Central Kashmir. Int J Pharm. 2015;5(4):1255-60.
6. Tesaf T, Foltan V, Langsadl L, Binder R. Consumption of antibiotics and self-medication within the Slovak Republic. Acta Fac Pharm Univ Comen. 2005;52:210-7.
7. Sankdia RK, Agrawal M, Rekha PB, Kothari N. A questionnaire based study regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among second year undergraduate medical students. Int J Pharmacol. 2017;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.5530/ijpcs.6.1.1.
8. Stephen S, Sukanya M, Thanu S, Treessa TS, Shettigar D. Self-medication practices among undergraduate nursing students in south India: a cross sectional study. Am Int J Res Sci Tech Eng Mathemat. 2013;3(2):159-62.
9. Aljaouni ME, Hafiz AA, Alalawi HH, Alahmadi GA, AlKhawaja I. Self-medication practice among medical and non-medical students at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Acad Sci Res. 2015;3(4):54-65.
10. Lukovic JA, Miletic V, Pekmezovic T, Trajkovic G, Ratkovic N, Aleksic D et al. Self-medication practices and risk factors for self-medication among medical students in Belgrade, Serbia. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114644, PMID 25503967.
11. Assad T, Karim N, Younus I, Feroz Z. Self-medication patterns among undergraduate medical students: A cross sectional institution based study. PTB Reports Biomed rep. 2017;3(2):43-6. doi: 10.5530/PTB.2017.3.8.
12. Heidarifar R, Koohbor M, Kazemian MM, Mikaili P, Sarahroodi S. Self medication with antibiotics among Iranian Population in Qom State. J Scienti Innovat Res. 2013;2(4):785-9.
13. Imtiaz S, Salam NA, Kamran. Conditions, frequencies, and sociodemographic factors leading self medication practice in Sargodha area of Punjab Pakistan. J Appl Pharm. 2013;5(4):819-26.
14. Khan SJ, Amanullah KS, Shah N. Self-medication with antibiotics in urban areas of Peshawar. Gomal J Med Sci. 2011;9(1):1-4.
15. Keshari SS, Kesarwani P, Mishra M. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural area of Barabanki. Ind J Clin Pract. 2014;25(7):636-9.
16. Divya S, Katlam S, Mohanty IR, Jindal JD, Deshmukh YA. Comparative assessment of self-medication practices among under-graduate medical and engineering students. J Commun Healt Managem. 2014;1(1):23-9.
17. Kasulkar AA, Gupta M. Self-medication practices among medical students of a private institute. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2015;77(2):178-82. doi: 10.4103/0250-474x.156569, PMID 26009650.
18. Donkor ES, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Nartey P, Agyeman IO. Self-medication practices with antibiotics among tertiary level students in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(10):3519-29. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9103519, PMID 23202760.
2. Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Uchôa E. Bambuí Project: a qualitative approach to self-medication. Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20(6):1661-9. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2004000600025, PMID 15608869.
3. Gupta M. kasulkar AA. Pattern of self-medication among dental students in private institute. Int J Recent Tren Sci Technol. 2015;16(3):603-5.
4. Girish HO, Divya HM, Prabhakaran S, Venugopalan PP, Koppad R, Acharya A. A cross-sectional study on self-medication pattern among medical students at Kannur, North Kerala. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2013;2(45):8693-700. doi: 10.14260/jemds/1509.
5. Shakeel AM, Shakil UR. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural areas of Central Kashmir. Int J Pharm. 2015;5(4):1255-60.
6. Tesaf T, Foltan V, Langsadl L, Binder R. Consumption of antibiotics and self-medication within the Slovak Republic. Acta Fac Pharm Univ Comen. 2005;52:210-7.
7. Sankdia RK, Agrawal M, Rekha PB, Kothari N. A questionnaire based study regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among second year undergraduate medical students. Int J Pharmacol. 2017;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.5530/ijpcs.6.1.1.
8. Stephen S, Sukanya M, Thanu S, Treessa TS, Shettigar D. Self-medication practices among undergraduate nursing students in south India: a cross sectional study. Am Int J Res Sci Tech Eng Mathemat. 2013;3(2):159-62.
9. Aljaouni ME, Hafiz AA, Alalawi HH, Alahmadi GA, AlKhawaja I. Self-medication practice among medical and non-medical students at Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Int J Acad Sci Res. 2015;3(4):54-65.
10. Lukovic JA, Miletic V, Pekmezovic T, Trajkovic G, Ratkovic N, Aleksic D et al. Self-medication practices and risk factors for self-medication among medical students in Belgrade, Serbia. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114644, PMID 25503967.
11. Assad T, Karim N, Younus I, Feroz Z. Self-medication patterns among undergraduate medical students: A cross sectional institution based study. PTB Reports Biomed rep. 2017;3(2):43-6. doi: 10.5530/PTB.2017.3.8.
12. Heidarifar R, Koohbor M, Kazemian MM, Mikaili P, Sarahroodi S. Self medication with antibiotics among Iranian Population in Qom State. J Scienti Innovat Res. 2013;2(4):785-9.
13. Imtiaz S, Salam NA, Kamran. Conditions, frequencies, and sociodemographic factors leading self medication practice in Sargodha area of Punjab Pakistan. J Appl Pharm. 2013;5(4):819-26.
14. Khan SJ, Amanullah KS, Shah N. Self-medication with antibiotics in urban areas of Peshawar. Gomal J Med Sci. 2011;9(1):1-4.
15. Keshari SS, Kesarwani P, Mishra M. Prevalence and pattern of self-medication practices in rural area of Barabanki. Ind J Clin Pract. 2014;25(7):636-9.
16. Divya S, Katlam S, Mohanty IR, Jindal JD, Deshmukh YA. Comparative assessment of self-medication practices among under-graduate medical and engineering students. J Commun Healt Managem. 2014;1(1):23-9.
17. Kasulkar AA, Gupta M. Self-medication practices among medical students of a private institute. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2015;77(2):178-82. doi: 10.4103/0250-474x.156569, PMID 26009650.
18. Donkor ES, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Nartey P, Agyeman IO. Self-medication practices with antibiotics among tertiary level students in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012;9(10):3519-29. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9103519, PMID 23202760.