Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Pisonia Alba Root in Anxious Rats
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): 2022 Volume - 10 Issue - 2
Abstract
The goal of this study was to see if an ethyl acetate extract of Pisonia alba root (PAE) might help nervous Sprague–Dawley rats relax. To test the preventative and curative effects of PAE, animals were separated into six groups (n = 6) and given 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. for 21 days. Animals were socially isolated for 21 days to generate anxiety. Animal anxiety was measured using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light and dark model. After 21 days of social isolation in rats, oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in blood and brain tissue homogenate. PAE 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. were given to rats. When compared to the negative control, both treatments demonstrated a substantial (P 0.001) increase in the frequency of open arm entries and time spent in open arm in EPM. When compared to the negative control, there was a substantial (P 0.001) increase in the number of lightbox entries and time spent in the lightbox in the light and dark models. When compared to the negative control, there was a substantial (P 0.001) improvement in endogenous anti-oxidants such as SOD, CAT, reduced GSH, and lower levels of LPO in blood and brain tissue. The current study implies that PAE may play a role in anxiety therapy via controlling oxidative stress.
Keywords
Antioxidant, anxiolytics, Pisonia alba, oxidative stress.
1.
G. Gnana Jebaslin, Kavitha Rajesh. Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Pisonia Alba Root in Anxious Rats. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 23 [cited 2026 Apr. 16];10(2):243-7. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1208
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References
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13. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3, PMID 6727660.
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15. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959;82(1):70-7. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6, PMID 13650640.
16. Campos AC, Fogaça MV, Aguiar DC, Guimarães FS. Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013;35;Suppl 2:S101-11. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1139, PMID 24271222.
17. Handley SL, Mithani S. Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of ”fear”-motivated behaviour. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1984;327(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00504983, PMID 6149466.
18. Walf AA, Frye CA. The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):322-8. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.44, PMID 17406592.
19. Crawley J, Goodwin FK. Preliminary report of a simple animal behavior model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980;13(2):167-70. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(80)90067-2, PMID 6106204.
20. Baranyi J, Bakos N, Haller J. Social instability in female rats: the relationship between stress-related and anxiety-like consequences. Physiol Behav. 2005;84(4):511-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.01.005, PMID 15811385.
21. Zadák Z, Hyspler R, Tichá A, Hronek M, Fikrová P, Rathouská J, et al. Antioxidants and vitamins in clinical conditions. Physiol Res. 2009;58;Suppl 1:S13-7. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.931861, PMID 19857031.
References
1. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):617-27. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617, PMID 15939839.
2. Gross C, Hen R. The developmental origins of anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5(7):545-52. doi: 10.1038/nrn1429, PMID 15208696.
3. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593, PMID 15939837.
4. Alonso J, Lépine JP, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Scientific Committee. Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68;Suppl 2:3-9. PMID 17288501.
5. World Health Organization. Composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) 2.1. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
6. Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P, Hsu L. Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(2):100-13. doi: 10.1177/070674370605100206, PMID 16989109.
7. Singha S, Bawari M, Choudhury MD. Hepatoprotective and antipyretic effect of bark of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6;Suppl 2:110-4.
8. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File. retrieved 2022.
9. Sharma VK, Das S, Mondal S, Goswami U, Gandhi A. Effect of Sahaj Yoga on neuro-cognitive functions in patients suffering from major depression. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;50(4):375-83. PMID 17402267.
10. Mahendra P, Bisht S. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011;43(5):574-7. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.84975, PMID 22022003.
11. Abo-Salem OM, El-Edel RH, Harisa GE, El-Halawany N, Ghonaim MM. Experimental diabetic nephropathy can be prevented by propolis: effect on metabolic disturbances and renal oxidative parameters. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009;22(2):205-10. PMID 19339234.
12. Stocks J, Dormandy TL. The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol. 1971;20(1):95-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1971.tb00790.x, PMID 5540044.
13. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3, PMID 6727660.
14. McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem. 1969;244(22):6049-55. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)63504-5, PMID 5389100.
15. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959;82(1):70-7. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6, PMID 13650640.
16. Campos AC, Fogaça MV, Aguiar DC, Guimarães FS. Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013;35;Suppl 2:S101-11. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1139, PMID 24271222.
17. Handley SL, Mithani S. Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of ”fear”-motivated behaviour. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1984;327(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00504983, PMID 6149466.
18. Walf AA, Frye CA. The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):322-8. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.44, PMID 17406592.
19. Crawley J, Goodwin FK. Preliminary report of a simple animal behavior model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980;13(2):167-70. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(80)90067-2, PMID 6106204.
20. Baranyi J, Bakos N, Haller J. Social instability in female rats: the relationship between stress-related and anxiety-like consequences. Physiol Behav. 2005;84(4):511-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.01.005, PMID 15811385.
21. Zadák Z, Hyspler R, Tichá A, Hronek M, Fikrová P, Rathouská J, et al. Antioxidants and vitamins in clinical conditions. Physiol Res. 2009;58;Suppl 1:S13-7. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.931861, PMID 19857031.
2. Gross C, Hen R. The developmental origins of anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5(7):545-52. doi: 10.1038/nrn1429, PMID 15208696.
3. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593, PMID 15939837.
4. Alonso J, Lépine JP, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Scientific Committee. Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68;Suppl 2:3-9. PMID 17288501.
5. World Health Organization. Composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) 2.1. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
6. Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P, Hsu L. Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(2):100-13. doi: 10.1177/070674370605100206, PMID 16989109.
7. Singha S, Bawari M, Choudhury MD. Hepatoprotective and antipyretic effect of bark of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6;Suppl 2:110-4.
8. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File. retrieved 2022.
9. Sharma VK, Das S, Mondal S, Goswami U, Gandhi A. Effect of Sahaj Yoga on neuro-cognitive functions in patients suffering from major depression. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;50(4):375-83. PMID 17402267.
10. Mahendra P, Bisht S. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. Indian J Pharmacol. 2011;43(5):574-7. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.84975, PMID 22022003.
11. Abo-Salem OM, El-Edel RH, Harisa GE, El-Halawany N, Ghonaim MM. Experimental diabetic nephropathy can be prevented by propolis: effect on metabolic disturbances and renal oxidative parameters. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2009;22(2):205-10. PMID 19339234.
12. Stocks J, Dormandy TL. The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol. 1971;20(1):95-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1971.tb00790.x, PMID 5540044.
13. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121-6. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3, PMID 6727660.
14. McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem. 1969;244(22):6049-55. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)63504-5, PMID 5389100.
15. Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959;82(1):70-7. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6, PMID 13650640.
16. Campos AC, Fogaça MV, Aguiar DC, Guimarães FS. Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013;35;Suppl 2:S101-11. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1139, PMID 24271222.
17. Handley SL, Mithani S. Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of ”fear”-motivated behaviour. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1984;327(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00504983, PMID 6149466.
18. Walf AA, Frye CA. The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):322-8. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.44, PMID 17406592.
19. Crawley J, Goodwin FK. Preliminary report of a simple animal behavior model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980;13(2):167-70. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(80)90067-2, PMID 6106204.
20. Baranyi J, Bakos N, Haller J. Social instability in female rats: the relationship between stress-related and anxiety-like consequences. Physiol Behav. 2005;84(4):511-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.01.005, PMID 15811385.
21. Zadák Z, Hyspler R, Tichá A, Hronek M, Fikrová P, Rathouská J, et al. Antioxidants and vitamins in clinical conditions. Physiol Res. 2009;58;Suppl 1:S13-7. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.931861, PMID 19857031.