Copyright (c) 2022 Keya Shah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Correlation Between Psychological Determinant of Competition Performance and Perceived Optimal Fitness Level in Covid-19 Survival Athletic Population.
Corresponding Author(s) : Keya Shah
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): 2022 Volume - 10 Issue - 2
Abstract
Introduction
Many athletes suffered from the coronavirus which affected their ability to perform well. Numerous studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic poses not only a major medical and economic crisis, but also a mental health challenge.
Objective
This study determines to find out whether there is specific correlation between psychological parameters such as anxiety and mental toughness and optimal fitness level in an individual. In this context, anxiety is defined as a man's innate instincts are fear while mental toughness is defined as the mental state of athletes who persist in difficult sporting circumstances to succeed.
Method
To test the hypothesis that psychological parameters and fitness level are interdependent, an online survey was distributed to people according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire. Responses [n = 50] were analyzed using Pearson ‘r’ test.
Result
The results showed small effect stating a negative correlation between psychological determinants and fitness level. In the results, it could be seen that there was significance between perceived optimal fitness and anxiety and their subtypes: somatic, worry concentration. Also, significant correlation between perceived optimal fitness and mental toughness and their subtypes: confidence, constancy, control.
Conclusion
Physical fitness provides an inversely proportional correlation with psychological determinants: anxiety, and mental toughness and their sub-types. It showed strong evidence against concentration, constancy and control. Based on current findings role of development and maintenance of anxiety and mental toughness among athletes needs further investigation.
Many athletes suffered from the coronavirus which affected their ability to perform well. Numerous studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic poses not only a major medical and economic crisis, but also a mental health challenge.
Objective
This study determines to find out whether there is specific correlation between psychological parameters such as anxiety and mental toughness and optimal fitness level in an individual. In this context, anxiety is defined as a man's innate instincts are fear while mental toughness is defined as the mental state of athletes who persist in difficult sporting circumstances to succeed.
Method
To test the hypothesis that psychological parameters and fitness level are interdependent, an online survey was distributed to people according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire. Responses [n = 50] were analyzed using Pearson ‘r’ test.
Result
The results showed small effect stating a negative correlation between psychological determinants and fitness level. In the results, it could be seen that there was significance between perceived optimal fitness and anxiety and their subtypes: somatic, worry concentration. Also, significant correlation between perceived optimal fitness and mental toughness and their subtypes: confidence, constancy, control.
Conclusion
Physical fitness provides an inversely proportional correlation with psychological determinants: anxiety, and mental toughness and their sub-types. It showed strong evidence against concentration, constancy and control. Based on current findings role of development and maintenance of anxiety and mental toughness among athletes needs further investigation.
Keywords
Anxiety, mental toughness, physical fitness, psychological determinants.
References
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1. Kaur, H., Singh, T., Arya, Y.K. and Mittal, S., 2020. Physical fitness and exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative enquiry. Frontiers in psychology, 11, p.2943.
2. Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K.G., Denovan, A. and Walsh, S., 2021. The potential benefits of non-skills training (mental toughness) for elite athletes: Coping with the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, p.273.
3. Germain, J.L. and Hausenblas, H.A., 2006. The relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), pp.283-296.
4. Jónsson, G.K. and Fernandes, A.A., Psychological skills, mental toughness and performance anxiety among Icelandic youth international soccer players. A longitudinal study (Doctoral dissertation).
5. Ford, J.L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M.L. and Arvinen-Barrow, M., 2017. Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open access journal of sports medicine, 8, p.205.
6. Walker, S.P., 2016. Mindfulness and mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(2), pp.46-50.
7. Belvederi Murri, M., Ekkekakis, P., Magagnoli, M., Zampogna, D., Cattedra, S., Capobianco, L., Serafini, G., Calcagno, P., Zanetidou, S. and Amore, M., 2019. Physical exercise in major depression: reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes. Frontiers in psychiatry, p.762.
8. Kalinin, R., Balázsi, R., Péntek, I., Duic?, ?. and Han?iu, I., 2019. Relationship between competitive anxiety and mental toughness: a latent regression analysis. Health, Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, 20(2), pp.70-74.
9. Mackenzie, B., 2022. How Does Psychology Affect Sports Performance. [online] Brianmac.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article238.htm> [Accessed 30 May 2022].
10. Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Alonso, J.M., Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, H.P., Gabbett, T.J., Gleeson, M., Hägglund, M., Hutchinson, M.R. and Van Rensburg, C.J., 2016. How much is too much?(Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. British journal of sports medicine, 50(17), pp.1043-1052.
11. Joy, E., Kussman, A. and Nattiv, A., 2016. 2016 update on eating disorders in athletes: A comprehensive narrative review with a focus on clinical assessment and management. British journal of sports medicine, 50(3), pp.154-162.
12. Brenner, J.S., 2007. Overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout in child and adolescent athletes. Pediatrics, 119(6), pp.1242-1245.
13. Clark, A. and Mach, N., 2016. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), pp.1-21.
14. Kaplánová, A., 2020. Financial awards and their effect on football players’ anxiety and coping skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p.1148.
15. Hsu, C.J., Meierbachtol, A., George, S.Z. and Chmielewski, T.L., 2017. Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation. Sports health, 9(2), pp.162-167.
16. Walker, J. and Shepherd, W., 2001. Anxiety disorders: a nation-wide survey of treatment approaches used by physiotherapists. Physiotherapy, 87(10), pp.536-548.
17. Zadkhosh, S.M., Ariaee, E., Atri, A.E., Rashidlamir, A. and Saadatyar, A., 2015. The effect of massage therapy on depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent wrestlers. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(3), pp.321-327.
References
1. Kaur, H., Singh, T., Arya, Y.K. and Mittal, S., 2020. Physical fitness and exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative enquiry. Frontiers in psychology, 11, p.2943.
2. Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K.G., Denovan, A. and Walsh, S., 2021. The potential benefits of non-skills training (mental toughness) for elite athletes: Coping with the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, p.273.
3. Germain, J.L. and Hausenblas, H.A., 2006. The relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), pp.283-296.
4. Jónsson, G.K. and Fernandes, A.A., Psychological skills, mental toughness and performance anxiety among Icelandic youth international soccer players. A longitudinal study (Doctoral dissertation).
5. Ford, J.L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M.L. and Arvinen-Barrow, M., 2017. Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open access journal of sports medicine, 8, p.205.
6. Walker, S.P., 2016. Mindfulness and mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(2), pp.46-50.
7. Belvederi Murri, M., Ekkekakis, P., Magagnoli, M., Zampogna, D., Cattedra, S., Capobianco, L., Serafini, G., Calcagno, P., Zanetidou, S. and Amore, M., 2019. Physical exercise in major depression: reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes. Frontiers in psychiatry, p.762.
8. Kalinin, R., Balázsi, R., Péntek, I., Duic?, ?. and Han?iu, I., 2019. Relationship between competitive anxiety and mental toughness: a latent regression analysis. Health, Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, 20(2), pp.70-74.
9. Mackenzie, B., 2022. How Does Psychology Affect Sports Performance. [online] Brianmac.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article238.htm> [Accessed 30 May 2022].
10. Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Alonso, J.M., Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, H.P., Gabbett, T.J., Gleeson, M., Hägglund, M., Hutchinson, M.R. and Van Rensburg, C.J., 2016. How much is too much?(Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. British journal of sports medicine, 50(17), pp.1043-1052.
11. Joy, E., Kussman, A. and Nattiv, A., 2016. 2016 update on eating disorders in athletes: A comprehensive narrative review with a focus on clinical assessment and management. British journal of sports medicine, 50(3), pp.154-162.
12. Brenner, J.S., 2007. Overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout in child and adolescent athletes. Pediatrics, 119(6), pp.1242-1245.
13. Clark, A. and Mach, N., 2016. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), pp.1-21.
14. Kaplánová, A., 2020. Financial awards and their effect on football players’ anxiety and coping skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p.1148.
15. Hsu, C.J., Meierbachtol, A., George, S.Z. and Chmielewski, T.L., 2017. Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation. Sports health, 9(2), pp.162-167.
16. Walker, J. and Shepherd, W., 2001. Anxiety disorders: a nation-wide survey of treatment approaches used by physiotherapists. Physiotherapy, 87(10), pp.536-548.
17. Zadkhosh, S.M., Ariaee, E., Atri, A.E., Rashidlamir, A. and Saadatyar, A., 2015. The effect of massage therapy on depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent wrestlers. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(3), pp.321-327.
2. Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K.G., Denovan, A. and Walsh, S., 2021. The potential benefits of non-skills training (mental toughness) for elite athletes: Coping with the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, p.273.
3. Germain, J.L. and Hausenblas, H.A., 2006. The relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), pp.283-296.
4. Jónsson, G.K. and Fernandes, A.A., Psychological skills, mental toughness and performance anxiety among Icelandic youth international soccer players. A longitudinal study (Doctoral dissertation).
5. Ford, J.L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M.L. and Arvinen-Barrow, M., 2017. Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open access journal of sports medicine, 8, p.205.
6. Walker, S.P., 2016. Mindfulness and mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(2), pp.46-50.
7. Belvederi Murri, M., Ekkekakis, P., Magagnoli, M., Zampogna, D., Cattedra, S., Capobianco, L., Serafini, G., Calcagno, P., Zanetidou, S. and Amore, M., 2019. Physical exercise in major depression: reducing the mortality gap while improving clinical outcomes. Frontiers in psychiatry, p.762.
8. Kalinin, R., Balázsi, R., Péntek, I., Duic?, ?. and Han?iu, I., 2019. Relationship between competitive anxiety and mental toughness: a latent regression analysis. Health, Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, 20(2), pp.70-74.
9. Mackenzie, B., 2022. How Does Psychology Affect Sports Performance. [online] Brianmac.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article238.htm> [Accessed 30 May 2022].
10. Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Alonso, J.M., Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, H.P., Gabbett, T.J., Gleeson, M., Hägglund, M., Hutchinson, M.R. and Van Rensburg, C.J., 2016. How much is too much?(Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. British journal of sports medicine, 50(17), pp.1043-1052.
11. Joy, E., Kussman, A. and Nattiv, A., 2016. 2016 update on eating disorders in athletes: A comprehensive narrative review with a focus on clinical assessment and management. British journal of sports medicine, 50(3), pp.154-162.
12. Brenner, J.S., 2007. Overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout in child and adolescent athletes. Pediatrics, 119(6), pp.1242-1245.
13. Clark, A. and Mach, N., 2016. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), pp.1-21.
14. Kaplánová, A., 2020. Financial awards and their effect on football players’ anxiety and coping skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p.1148.
15. Hsu, C.J., Meierbachtol, A., George, S.Z. and Chmielewski, T.L., 2017. Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation. Sports health, 9(2), pp.162-167.
16. Walker, J. and Shepherd, W., 2001. Anxiety disorders: a nation-wide survey of treatment approaches used by physiotherapists. Physiotherapy, 87(10), pp.536-548.
17. Zadkhosh, S.M., Ariaee, E., Atri, A.E., Rashidlamir, A. and Saadatyar, A., 2015. The effect of massage therapy on depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent wrestlers. International Journal of Sport Studies, 5(3), pp.321-327.