Exposures and Emotional Connection of Toddlers on Mobile Screen Media Devices (MSMD): a Cross-Sectional Study
Corresponding Author(s) : Hamdoni Pangandaman
pangandamanhamdoni@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 2021 No. 9 (4): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 4
Abstract
Access to and early exposure on mobile screen media devices (MSMD) as part of the growing-up environment in the early development of a child is crucial. This study explored the exposures of and emotional connection of Filipino toddlers on MSMD. A cross-sectional research design has been adopted with the millennial parents of toddlers as respondents who were selected purposively (n=211) and shared observations on their toddlers’ degree of exposure to MSMD through answering items in the researchers-made questionnaire about their toddlers’ exposure and emotional attachment on MSMD. It shows that mothers mostly allowed and provided access to MSMD in an average of 2 hours of exposure for educational games, watching multimedia (e.g., YouTube), and listening to music nursery rhymes. Assessment of toddlers’ speech and language shows that most can respond in calling their names, no stuttering issues, but do not engage in pretending to play with toys. The degree of exposure to MSMD, age, and gender of a toddler has a significant relationship to their speech and language development. Thus, the degree of exposure to MSMD plausibly shapes the early developmental stage of a child. An awareness campaign, proper guidance, responsible parenthood, and supportive circles of significant others are relevant.
Keywords
Mobile Screen Media Devices (MSMD).
Early Childhood Development
Speech
Language
1.
Pangandaman H, Johara U. Hadji Fayez, Zaman M. Malawani, Mohammad Ammar A. Solaiman, Dacilo M. Adap Jr, Magna Anissa A. Hayudini, et al. Exposures and Emotional Connection of Toddlers on Mobile Screen Media Devices (MSMD): a Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 30 [cited 2026 Apr. 14];2021(9):671-6. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1100
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References
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Borjon, J. I., Schroer, S. E., Bambach, S., Slone, L. K., Abney, D. H., Crandall, D. J., & Smith, L. B. J. J. o. v. e. J. (2018). A view of their own: Capturing the egocentric view of infants and toddlers with head-mounted cameras. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE(140).
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozzola, M., . . . Villani, A. (2018). Media devices in pre-school children: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1), 69. doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0508-7
Carson, V., & Kuzik, N. (2017). Demographic correlates of screen time and objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity among toddlers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 187. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4125-y
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., & Harrington, A. (2013). Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 102. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
Ebbeck, M., Yim, H. Y. B., Chan, Y., & Goh, M. (2016). Singaporean Parents’ Views of Their Young Children’s Access and Use of Technological Devices. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(2), 127-134. doi:10.1007/s10643-015-0695-4
Ernest, J. M., Causey, C., Newton, A. B., Sharkins, K., Summerlin, J., & Albaiz, N. (2014). Extending the Global Dialogue About Media, Technology, Screen Time, and Young Children. Childhood Education, 90(3), 182-191. doi:10.1080/00094056.2014.910046
Geist, E. (2014). Toddlers Through Preschool: Using Tablet Computers With Toddlers and Young Preschoolers. YC Young Children, 69(1), 58-63.
Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2018). Association between mobile technology use and child adjustment in early elementary school age. PloS one, 13(7), e0199959-e0199959. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199959
Ismail, N. F., Hasan, M. H., & Mustapha, E. E. (2017). Literature review on technology usage and emotional connection among children. Paper presented at the 2017 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS).
Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner, R. L. (2015). Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children. 136(6), 1044-1050. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2151
Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lepicnik-Vodopivec, J., & Samec, P. (2013). Communication technology in the home environment of four-year-old children (Slovenia). Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 20(40), 119-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-03-02
McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: longitudinal associations between parent technology use, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Pediatric Research, 84(2), 210-218. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0052-6
O'Bleness, J. (2015). Play-based intervention effects on language production in toddlers from a high-risk background.
Pangandaman, H. (2018). Content Validity of Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Assessment Instrument for Informatics Competencies of Graduating Nursing Student. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8047
Paudel, S., Jancey, J., Subedi, N., & Leavy, J. (2017). Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0–8: a systematic review. 7(10), e014585. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014585 %J BMJ Open
Yaghmaei, F. (2003). Content Validity and Its Estimation. Journal of Medical Education, 3(1). doi:https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=33688
References
Borjon, J. I., Schroer, S. E., Bambach, S., Slone, L. K., Abney, D. H., Crandall, D. J., & Smith, L. B. J. J. o. v. e. J. (2018). A view of their own: Capturing the egocentric view of infants and toddlers with head-mounted cameras. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE(140).
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozzola, M., . . . Villani, A. (2018). Media devices in pre-school children: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1), 69. doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0508-7
Carson, V., & Kuzik, N. (2017). Demographic correlates of screen time and objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity among toddlers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 187. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4125-y
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., & Harrington, A. (2013). Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 102. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
Ebbeck, M., Yim, H. Y. B., Chan, Y., & Goh, M. (2016). Singaporean Parents’ Views of Their Young Children’s Access and Use of Technological Devices. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(2), 127-134. doi:10.1007/s10643-015-0695-4
Ernest, J. M., Causey, C., Newton, A. B., Sharkins, K., Summerlin, J., & Albaiz, N. (2014). Extending the Global Dialogue About Media, Technology, Screen Time, and Young Children. Childhood Education, 90(3), 182-191. doi:10.1080/00094056.2014.910046
Geist, E. (2014). Toddlers Through Preschool: Using Tablet Computers With Toddlers and Young Preschoolers. YC Young Children, 69(1), 58-63.
Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2018). Association between mobile technology use and child adjustment in early elementary school age. PloS one, 13(7), e0199959-e0199959. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199959
Ismail, N. F., Hasan, M. H., & Mustapha, E. E. (2017). Literature review on technology usage and emotional connection among children. Paper presented at the 2017 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS).
Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner, R. L. (2015). Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children. 136(6), 1044-1050. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2151
Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lepicnik-Vodopivec, J., & Samec, P. (2013). Communication technology in the home environment of four-year-old children (Slovenia). Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 20(40), 119-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-03-02
McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: longitudinal associations between parent technology use, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Pediatric Research, 84(2), 210-218. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0052-6
O'Bleness, J. (2015). Play-based intervention effects on language production in toddlers from a high-risk background.
Pangandaman, H. (2018). Content Validity of Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Assessment Instrument for Informatics Competencies of Graduating Nursing Student. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8047
Paudel, S., Jancey, J., Subedi, N., & Leavy, J. (2017). Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0–8: a systematic review. 7(10), e014585. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014585 %J BMJ Open
Yaghmaei, F. (2003). Content Validity and Its Estimation. Journal of Medical Education, 3(1). doi:https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=33688
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozzola, M., . . . Villani, A. (2018). Media devices in pre-school children: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1), 69. doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0508-7
Carson, V., & Kuzik, N. (2017). Demographic correlates of screen time and objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity among toddlers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 187. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4125-y
Duch, H., Fisher, E. M., Ensari, I., & Harrington, A. (2013). Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 102. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
Ebbeck, M., Yim, H. Y. B., Chan, Y., & Goh, M. (2016). Singaporean Parents’ Views of Their Young Children’s Access and Use of Technological Devices. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(2), 127-134. doi:10.1007/s10643-015-0695-4
Ernest, J. M., Causey, C., Newton, A. B., Sharkins, K., Summerlin, J., & Albaiz, N. (2014). Extending the Global Dialogue About Media, Technology, Screen Time, and Young Children. Childhood Education, 90(3), 182-191. doi:10.1080/00094056.2014.910046
Geist, E. (2014). Toddlers Through Preschool: Using Tablet Computers With Toddlers and Young Preschoolers. YC Young Children, 69(1), 58-63.
Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2018). Association between mobile technology use and child adjustment in early elementary school age. PloS one, 13(7), e0199959-e0199959. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199959
Ismail, N. F., Hasan, M. H., & Mustapha, E. E. (2017). Literature review on technology usage and emotional connection among children. Paper presented at the 2017 International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS).
Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., & Bonner, R. L. (2015). Exposure and Use of Mobile Media Devices by Young Children. 136(6), 1044-1050. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2151
Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lepicnik-Vodopivec, J., & Samec, P. (2013). Communication technology in the home environment of four-year-old children (Slovenia). Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 20(40), 119-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.3916/C40-2013-03-02
McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2018). Technoference: longitudinal associations between parent technology use, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Pediatric Research, 84(2), 210-218. doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0052-6
O'Bleness, J. (2015). Play-based intervention effects on language production in toddlers from a high-risk background.
Pangandaman, H. (2018). Content Validity of Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Assessment Instrument for Informatics Competencies of Graduating Nursing Student. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(11). doi:https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8047
Paudel, S., Jancey, J., Subedi, N., & Leavy, J. (2017). Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0–8: a systematic review. 7(10), e014585. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014585 %J BMJ Open
Yaghmaei, F. (2003). Content Validity and Its Estimation. Journal of Medical Education, 3(1). doi:https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=33688