Review on Curcuma Longa Leaves Exhibiting Antioxidant Property
Corresponding Author(s) : N.Celesta
celestanathaniel05@gmail.com
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 2
Abstract
Curcuma longa (turmeric) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for many years. Turmeric has been used as a functional food ingredient and as a medical herb but other parts of it such as leavesis discarded as a byproduct. Turmeric aerial parts have their own functionality due to curcumin and other bioactive components. Hydro distillation was used to extract the essential oil from the leaves. Other extraction methods are available, but hydro distillation is much preferred. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to determine the oil content in the leaves. The oil of GC-MS analysis revealed that ?-phelladrene, p-cymene, and terpinolene were major components present in Curcuma longa leaves.These components show potent biological activity and therapeutic uses such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and beneficial for skin immunity. The oil yield of leaves is high when compared to rhizome. According to the findings, water was the most effective at extracting antioxidant contents containing phenolic compounds.
Keywords
Curcuma longa
turmeric leaf oil
hydro distillation
α-phellandrene
1.
N.Celesta, M. Sakthivel, S.P. Senthil, R.Senthamarai. Review on Curcuma Longa Leaves Exhibiting Antioxidant Property. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Jun. 22 [cited 2026 Apr. 27];9(2):283-7. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/1009
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References
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1. Kim DH. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the physicochemical characteristics of Kochujang during fermentation. J Appl Biol Chem. 2013; 56(2):101-7. doi: 10.3839/jabc.2013.017.
2. Kim DW, Lee SM, Woo HS, Park JY, Ko BS, Heo JD, Ryu YB, Lee WS. Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa. J Funct Foods. 2016 Oct 1; 26:485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.026.
3. GuhaBakshi DN, Sensarma P, Pal DC. lexicon of medicinal plants in India. NayaProkash; 1999.
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5. Kapoor LD. Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants: herbal reference library. CRC press; 2000 Nov 10.
6. Ahn D, Lee EB, Kim BJ, Lee SY, Lee TG, Ahn MS, Lim HW, Cha DS, Jeon H, Kim DK. Antioxidant and lifespan extending property of quercetin-3-O-dirhamnoside from Curcuma longa L. in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2014 Dec 1; 57(6):709-14. doi: 10.1007/s13765-014-4200-3.
7. McCann MJ, Johnston S, Reilly K, Men X, Burgess EJ, Perry NB, Roy NC. The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on the functionality of the solute carrier protein 22 A4 (SLC22A4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients. 2014 Oct; 6(10):4178-90. doi: 10.3390/nu6104178, PMID 25314644.
8. Liu Y, Nair MG. Curcuma longa and Curcuma mangga leaves exhibit functional food property. Food Chem. 2012 Nov 15; 135(2):634-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.129, PMID 22868139.
9. Choi WY, Lee HY. Enhancement of antioxidant activities of Curcuma longa leaves by ultrahigh pressure extraction. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(2):121-6. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.2.121.
10. Kim NY, Lim HW, Lee HY. Comparison of cosmetical activities of Curcuma longa L. Leaf extracts using different extraction methods. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(4):255-61. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.4.255.
11. Binic I, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D. Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 Oct; 2013:827248. doi: 10.1155/2013/827248, PMID 23431351.
12. Great Britain. Medicines commission. British Pharmacopoeia. Rittenhouse book distributors; 1980.
13. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Publishing Corporation; 2007.
14. Mathew S, Abraham TE. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Feb 1; 44(2):198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013, PMID 16087283.
15. Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Curcuma longa L. Rhizome essential oil from extraction to its Agri-food applications. A review. Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan; 10(1):44. doi: 10.3390/plants10010044, PMID 33379197.
16. Masango P. Cleaner production of essential oils by steam distillation. J Cleaner Prod. 2005 Jun 1; 13(8):833-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.039.
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21. Abdul Haiyee Z, Mohd Shah SH, Ismail K, Hashim N, Wan Ismail WI. Quality parameters of Curcuma longa L. extract by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Malays J Anal Sci. 2016; 20(3):626-32. doi: 10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-23.
22. Mottahedin P, Haghighi Asl A, Khajenoori M. Extraction of curcumin and essential oil from Curcuma longa L. by subcritical water via response surface methodology. J Food Process Preserv. 2017 Aug; 41(4):e13095. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.13095.
23. Baysal T, Demirdoven A. Ultrasound in food technology. In: Chen D, Sharma SK, Mudhoo A, editors Handbook on applications of ultrasound: sonochemistry for sustainability. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Press.
24. Cardoso-Ugarte GA, Juárez-Becerra GP, Sosa-Morales ME, López-Malo A. Microwave-assisted extraction of essential oils from herbs. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy. 2013 Jan 1; 47(1):63-72. doi: 10.1080/08327823.2013.11689846, PMID 24779135.
25. Ching WY, Bin-Yusoff Y, Wan-Amarina WN. Extraction of essential oil from Curcuma longa. J Food Chem Nutr. 2014 Feb 10; 2(1):01-10.
26. Oguntimein BO, Weyerstahl P, Marschall?Weyerstahl H. Essential oil of Curcuma longa L. leaves. Flavour Fragr J. 1990 Jun; 5(2):89-90. doi: 10.1002/ffj.2730050206.
27. Heo SJ, Park EJ, Lee KW, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresour Technol. 2005 Sep 1; 96(14):1613-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.013, PMID 15978995.
28. Baba SA, Malik SA. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J Taibah Univ Sci. 2015 Oct 1; 9(4):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.001.
29. Kim S, Ko SC, Kim YS, Ha SK, Park HY, Park Y, Lee SH. Determination of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) leaf extraction conditions using response surface methodology to optimize extraction yield and antioxidant content. J Food Qual. 2019 Nov 22; 2019:1-8. doi: 10.1155/2019/7575206.
References
1. Kim DH. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the physicochemical characteristics of Kochujang during fermentation. J Appl Biol Chem. 2013; 56(2):101-7. doi: 10.3839/jabc.2013.017.
2. Kim DW, Lee SM, Woo HS, Park JY, Ko BS, Heo JD, Ryu YB, Lee WS. Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa. J Funct Foods. 2016 Oct 1; 26:485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.026.
3. GuhaBakshi DN, Sensarma P, Pal DC. lexicon of medicinal plants in India. NayaProkash; 1999.
4. Vernon F, Richard H, QUELQUES EPICES EM, AROMATES ET, ESSENTIELLES LH. II1976.
5. Kapoor LD. Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants: herbal reference library. CRC press; 2000 Nov 10.
6. Ahn D, Lee EB, Kim BJ, Lee SY, Lee TG, Ahn MS, Lim HW, Cha DS, Jeon H, Kim DK. Antioxidant and lifespan extending property of quercetin-3-O-dirhamnoside from Curcuma longa L. in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2014 Dec 1; 57(6):709-14. doi: 10.1007/s13765-014-4200-3.
7. McCann MJ, Johnston S, Reilly K, Men X, Burgess EJ, Perry NB, Roy NC. The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on the functionality of the solute carrier protein 22 A4 (SLC22A4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients. 2014 Oct; 6(10):4178-90. doi: 10.3390/nu6104178, PMID 25314644.
8. Liu Y, Nair MG. Curcuma longa and Curcuma mangga leaves exhibit functional food property. Food Chem. 2012 Nov 15; 135(2):634-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.129, PMID 22868139.
9. Choi WY, Lee HY. Enhancement of antioxidant activities of Curcuma longa leaves by ultrahigh pressure extraction. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(2):121-6. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.2.121.
10. Kim NY, Lim HW, Lee HY. Comparison of cosmetical activities of Curcuma longa L. Leaf extracts using different extraction methods. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(4):255-61. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.4.255.
11. Binic I, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D. Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 Oct; 2013:827248. doi: 10.1155/2013/827248, PMID 23431351.
12. Great Britain. Medicines commission. British Pharmacopoeia. Rittenhouse book distributors; 1980.
13. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Publishing Corporation; 2007.
14. Mathew S, Abraham TE. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Feb 1; 44(2):198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013, PMID 16087283.
15. Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Curcuma longa L. Rhizome essential oil from extraction to its Agri-food applications. A review. Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan; 10(1):44. doi: 10.3390/plants10010044, PMID 33379197.
16. Masango P. Cleaner production of essential oils by steam distillation. J Cleaner Prod. 2005 Jun 1; 13(8):833-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.039.
17. Hielscher Ultrasonichydro distillation of essential oils. Available online [cited Jul 5 2020]. Available from: https://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonichydrodistillation-of-essential-oils.htm.
18. Santos T. D, Meireles AA. Extraction of volatile oils by supercritical fluid extraction. Recent Pat Eng: patent survey. 2011 Jan 1; 5(1):17-22.
19. De Oliveira MS, Silva SG, da Cruz JN, Ortiz E, da Costa WA, Bezerra FW, Cunha VM, Cordeiro RM. Supercritical CO 2 application in essential oil extraction. Ind Appl Green Solvents. 2019 Aug 20; 2:1-28.
20. Silva LV, Nelson DL, Drummond MFB, Dufossé L, Glória MBA. Comparison of hydro distillation methods for the deodorization of turmeric. Food Res Int. 2005 Oct 1; 38(8-9):1087-96. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.02.025.
21. Abdul Haiyee Z, Mohd Shah SH, Ismail K, Hashim N, Wan Ismail WI. Quality parameters of Curcuma longa L. extract by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Malays J Anal Sci. 2016; 20(3):626-32. doi: 10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-23.
22. Mottahedin P, Haghighi Asl A, Khajenoori M. Extraction of curcumin and essential oil from Curcuma longa L. by subcritical water via response surface methodology. J Food Process Preserv. 2017 Aug; 41(4):e13095. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.13095.
23. Baysal T, Demirdoven A. Ultrasound in food technology. In: Chen D, Sharma SK, Mudhoo A, editors Handbook on applications of ultrasound: sonochemistry for sustainability. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Press.
24. Cardoso-Ugarte GA, Juárez-Becerra GP, Sosa-Morales ME, López-Malo A. Microwave-assisted extraction of essential oils from herbs. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy. 2013 Jan 1; 47(1):63-72. doi: 10.1080/08327823.2013.11689846, PMID 24779135.
25. Ching WY, Bin-Yusoff Y, Wan-Amarina WN. Extraction of essential oil from Curcuma longa. J Food Chem Nutr. 2014 Feb 10; 2(1):01-10.
26. Oguntimein BO, Weyerstahl P, Marschall?Weyerstahl H. Essential oil of Curcuma longa L. leaves. Flavour Fragr J. 1990 Jun; 5(2):89-90. doi: 10.1002/ffj.2730050206.
27. Heo SJ, Park EJ, Lee KW, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresour Technol. 2005 Sep 1; 96(14):1613-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.013, PMID 15978995.
28. Baba SA, Malik SA. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J Taibah Univ Sci. 2015 Oct 1; 9(4):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.001.
29. Kim S, Ko SC, Kim YS, Ha SK, Park HY, Park Y, Lee SH. Determination of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) leaf extraction conditions using response surface methodology to optimize extraction yield and antioxidant content. J Food Qual. 2019 Nov 22; 2019:1-8. doi: 10.1155/2019/7575206.
2. Kim DW, Lee SM, Woo HS, Park JY, Ko BS, Heo JD, Ryu YB, Lee WS. Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the aerial parts of Curcuma longa. J Funct Foods. 2016 Oct 1; 26:485-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.026.
3. GuhaBakshi DN, Sensarma P, Pal DC. lexicon of medicinal plants in India. NayaProkash; 1999.
4. Vernon F, Richard H, QUELQUES EPICES EM, AROMATES ET, ESSENTIELLES LH. II1976.
5. Kapoor LD. Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants: herbal reference library. CRC press; 2000 Nov 10.
6. Ahn D, Lee EB, Kim BJ, Lee SY, Lee TG, Ahn MS, Lim HW, Cha DS, Jeon H, Kim DK. Antioxidant and lifespan extending property of quercetin-3-O-dirhamnoside from Curcuma longa L. in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2014 Dec 1; 57(6):709-14. doi: 10.1007/s13765-014-4200-3.
7. McCann MJ, Johnston S, Reilly K, Men X, Burgess EJ, Perry NB, Roy NC. The effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract on the functionality of the solute carrier protein 22 A4 (SLC22A4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients. 2014 Oct; 6(10):4178-90. doi: 10.3390/nu6104178, PMID 25314644.
8. Liu Y, Nair MG. Curcuma longa and Curcuma mangga leaves exhibit functional food property. Food Chem. 2012 Nov 15; 135(2):634-40. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.129, PMID 22868139.
9. Choi WY, Lee HY. Enhancement of antioxidant activities of Curcuma longa leaves by ultrahigh pressure extraction. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(2):121-6. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.2.121.
10. Kim NY, Lim HW, Lee HY. Comparison of cosmetical activities of Curcuma longa L. Leaf extracts using different extraction methods. Korean J Med Crop Sci. 2014; 22(4):255-61. doi: 10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.4.255.
11. Binic I, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D. Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013 Oct; 2013:827248. doi: 10.1155/2013/827248, PMID 23431351.
12. Great Britain. Medicines commission. British Pharmacopoeia. Rittenhouse book distributors; 1980.
13. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Publishing Publishing Corporation; 2007.
14. Mathew S, Abraham TE. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Feb 1; 44(2):198-206. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013, PMID 16087283.
15. Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Curcuma longa L. Rhizome essential oil from extraction to its Agri-food applications. A review. Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan; 10(1):44. doi: 10.3390/plants10010044, PMID 33379197.
16. Masango P. Cleaner production of essential oils by steam distillation. J Cleaner Prod. 2005 Jun 1; 13(8):833-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.039.
17. Hielscher Ultrasonichydro distillation of essential oils. Available online [cited Jul 5 2020]. Available from: https://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonichydrodistillation-of-essential-oils.htm.
18. Santos T. D, Meireles AA. Extraction of volatile oils by supercritical fluid extraction. Recent Pat Eng: patent survey. 2011 Jan 1; 5(1):17-22.
19. De Oliveira MS, Silva SG, da Cruz JN, Ortiz E, da Costa WA, Bezerra FW, Cunha VM, Cordeiro RM. Supercritical CO 2 application in essential oil extraction. Ind Appl Green Solvents. 2019 Aug 20; 2:1-28.
20. Silva LV, Nelson DL, Drummond MFB, Dufossé L, Glória MBA. Comparison of hydro distillation methods for the deodorization of turmeric. Food Res Int. 2005 Oct 1; 38(8-9):1087-96. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.02.025.
21. Abdul Haiyee Z, Mohd Shah SH, Ismail K, Hashim N, Wan Ismail WI. Quality parameters of Curcuma longa L. extract by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Malays J Anal Sci. 2016; 20(3):626-32. doi: 10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-23.
22. Mottahedin P, Haghighi Asl A, Khajenoori M. Extraction of curcumin and essential oil from Curcuma longa L. by subcritical water via response surface methodology. J Food Process Preserv. 2017 Aug; 41(4):e13095. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.13095.
23. Baysal T, Demirdoven A. Ultrasound in food technology. In: Chen D, Sharma SK, Mudhoo A, editors Handbook on applications of ultrasound: sonochemistry for sustainability. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Press.
24. Cardoso-Ugarte GA, Juárez-Becerra GP, Sosa-Morales ME, López-Malo A. Microwave-assisted extraction of essential oils from herbs. J Microw Power Electromagn Energy. 2013 Jan 1; 47(1):63-72. doi: 10.1080/08327823.2013.11689846, PMID 24779135.
25. Ching WY, Bin-Yusoff Y, Wan-Amarina WN. Extraction of essential oil from Curcuma longa. J Food Chem Nutr. 2014 Feb 10; 2(1):01-10.
26. Oguntimein BO, Weyerstahl P, Marschall?Weyerstahl H. Essential oil of Curcuma longa L. leaves. Flavour Fragr J. 1990 Jun; 5(2):89-90. doi: 10.1002/ffj.2730050206.
27. Heo SJ, Park EJ, Lee KW, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresour Technol. 2005 Sep 1; 96(14):1613-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.013, PMID 15978995.
28. Baba SA, Malik SA. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J Taibah Univ Sci. 2015 Oct 1; 9(4):449-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.001.
29. Kim S, Ko SC, Kim YS, Ha SK, Park HY, Park Y, Lee SH. Determination of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) leaf extraction conditions using response surface methodology to optimize extraction yield and antioxidant content. J Food Qual. 2019 Nov 22; 2019:1-8. doi: 10.1155/2019/7575206.