Correlation of Mobile Phone Addiction Scale and the Scapular Index in a Sample of Nigerian College Students
Corresponding Author(s) : Joseph Onuwa Umunna
jo.umunna@unizik.edu.ng
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): 2021 Volume - 9 Issue - 2
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background:Prolonged and frequent use of mobile phones, as well as the repeated movement of the upper extremities in an awkward posture, arethe main contributing factors to the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Objective:This study investigated the level of addiction to mobile phone use and its possiblecorrelation with the scapular posture in a cohort of undergraduate students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra state.
Methods:This survey was carried out on 235 (116 males and 119 females) students recruited through the purposive sampling technique, aged 18 to 29 years. The Mobile Phone Addiction Scale was used to determine the level of addiction while an inextensible measuring tape was used to measure the Scapular Index. Obtained data were summarized using mean and standard deviation, and analyzed using Independent t-test, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The level of significance was set at < 0.05.
Results:There was a significant negative correlation between the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale score and the mean Scapular Index of the participants (r=-0.853, p= <0.000). There were significant gender differences in the values of the mean scapular index (t=5.687; p=0.000) and the level of mobile phone addiction (t=-3.867; p=0.000) between males and females, with males having a higher MPAS score and a lower Scapular Index than females.
Conclusions:Male students appeared more addicted to their mobile phones and presented worsescapular postures. Scapular Index significantly correlated with the Mobile phone addiction levelof the participants. Mobile phone users should be made aware of the possibility of posturaldistortions and efforts made to encourage proper adjustments.
Keywords
Mobile phone use
Posture
Scapular index
1.
Okonkwo CA, Joseph Onuwa Umunna, Jane Frances Chekwube Okoro, Chris Udoka Okafor, Isreal Kayode Oke, Nicholas Oghumu. Correlation of Mobile Phone Addiction Scale and the Scapular Index in a Sample of Nigerian College Students. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Res. [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 29 [cited 2026 Apr. 27];9(2):192-7. Available from: https://ijamscr.com/ijamscr/article/view/984
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References
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REFERENCES
[1] R. Salvi, S. Battin
Correlation of Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MPAS) score with Craniovertebral angle, Scapular Index and Beck’s Depression Inventory Score in young adults
International Journal of physiotherapy 5,2018, pp.7-12
[2] G. Goggin
Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Available at www.routledge.com › Accessed 14th October, 2019
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Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university
Learning, media, and technology 34,2009, pp.141-155
[4] Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC 2018. Available at: https://www.ncc.gov.ng Accessed 14th October 2019
[5] S. Neupane, U. Ali, A. Mathew
Text Neck Syndrome-Systematic Review
Imperial Journal sof Interdisciplinary Research 3,2017, pp.141-148
[6] A. Lepp, J. E. Barkley, A. C. Karpinski
The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students
Computers in Human Behavior 31,2014, pp.343-350
[7] J. Roberts, L. Yaya, C. Manolis
The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and cell phone addiction among male and female college students
Journal of behavioral addictions 3,2014, pp.254-265
[8] M. Bian, L. Leung
Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital
Social Science Computer Review 33,2015, 61-79
[9] J.E. Gold, J.B. Driban, V.R. Yingling, E. Komaroff
Characterization of posture and comfort in laptop users in non-desk settings
Applied ergonomics 43, 2012, 392-399
[10] S. Berolo, R.P.Wells, B. C. Amick III
Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population
Applied Ergonomics 42, 2011, pp.371-378
[11] J.W.Kwon, S.M.Son, N.K. Lee
Changes in upper-extremity muscle activities due to head position in subjects with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27, 2015, pp.1739-1742
[12] Z. Shan, G. Deng, J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao
Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity, and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai.
Plos one 8, 2013, pp.78-109
[13] Y. Xie, G. Szeto, J. Dai
Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review
Applied Ergonomics, 59, 2017, pp.132-142.
[14] A. Velayudhan, S. Srividya
Manual for Mobile Phone Addiction scale
Prasadpsycho Corporation 2012, New Delhi
[15] J. Park, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, I. Choi, S. Lee, J. Yim
The effects of heavy smartphone use on the cervical angle, the pain threshold of neck muscles, and depression
Advanced Science and Technology Letters 91,2015, pp.12-17
[16] S. I. Jung, N.K. Lee, K.W. Kang, K. Kim, Y.L. Do
The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function
Journal of physical therapy science 28,2016, pp.186-189
[17] A. K. Akodu, S.R. Akinbo, Q.O. Young
Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 13,2018, pp.528-534
[18] S. Haug, R. P. Castro, M. Kwon, A. Filler, T. Kowatsch, M.P. Schaub
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland
Journal of behavioral addictions 4,2015, pp.299-307
[19] S. I. Chiu, F.Y. Hong, S.L. Chiu
An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction as well as Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan
Internet addiction and mobile phone addiction 20,2013, pp.1-10.
References
REFERENCES
[1] R. Salvi, S. Battin
Correlation of Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MPAS) score with Craniovertebral angle, Scapular Index and Beck’s Depression Inventory Score in young adults
International Journal of physiotherapy 5,2018, pp.7-12
[2] G. Goggin
Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Available at www.routledge.com › Accessed 14th October, 2019
[3] C. Madge, J. Meek, J. Wellens, T. Hooley
Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university
Learning, media, and technology 34,2009, pp.141-155
[4] Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC 2018. Available at: https://www.ncc.gov.ng Accessed 14th October 2019
[5] S. Neupane, U. Ali, A. Mathew
Text Neck Syndrome-Systematic Review
Imperial Journal sof Interdisciplinary Research 3,2017, pp.141-148
[6] A. Lepp, J. E. Barkley, A. C. Karpinski
The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students
Computers in Human Behavior 31,2014, pp.343-350
[7] J. Roberts, L. Yaya, C. Manolis
The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and cell phone addiction among male and female college students
Journal of behavioral addictions 3,2014, pp.254-265
[8] M. Bian, L. Leung
Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital
Social Science Computer Review 33,2015, 61-79
[9] J.E. Gold, J.B. Driban, V.R. Yingling, E. Komaroff
Characterization of posture and comfort in laptop users in non-desk settings
Applied ergonomics 43, 2012, 392-399
[10] S. Berolo, R.P.Wells, B. C. Amick III
Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population
Applied Ergonomics 42, 2011, pp.371-378
[11] J.W.Kwon, S.M.Son, N.K. Lee
Changes in upper-extremity muscle activities due to head position in subjects with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27, 2015, pp.1739-1742
[12] Z. Shan, G. Deng, J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao
Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity, and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai.
Plos one 8, 2013, pp.78-109
[13] Y. Xie, G. Szeto, J. Dai
Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review
Applied Ergonomics, 59, 2017, pp.132-142.
[14] A. Velayudhan, S. Srividya
Manual for Mobile Phone Addiction scale
Prasadpsycho Corporation 2012, New Delhi
[15] J. Park, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, I. Choi, S. Lee, J. Yim
The effects of heavy smartphone use on the cervical angle, the pain threshold of neck muscles, and depression
Advanced Science and Technology Letters 91,2015, pp.12-17
[16] S. I. Jung, N.K. Lee, K.W. Kang, K. Kim, Y.L. Do
The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function
Journal of physical therapy science 28,2016, pp.186-189
[17] A. K. Akodu, S.R. Akinbo, Q.O. Young
Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 13,2018, pp.528-534
[18] S. Haug, R. P. Castro, M. Kwon, A. Filler, T. Kowatsch, M.P. Schaub
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland
Journal of behavioral addictions 4,2015, pp.299-307
[19] S. I. Chiu, F.Y. Hong, S.L. Chiu
An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction as well as Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan
Internet addiction and mobile phone addiction 20,2013, pp.1-10.
[1] R. Salvi, S. Battin
Correlation of Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MPAS) score with Craniovertebral angle, Scapular Index and Beck’s Depression Inventory Score in young adults
International Journal of physiotherapy 5,2018, pp.7-12
[2] G. Goggin
Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Available at www.routledge.com › Accessed 14th October, 2019
[3] C. Madge, J. Meek, J. Wellens, T. Hooley
Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university
Learning, media, and technology 34,2009, pp.141-155
[4] Nigerian Communications Commission, NCC 2018. Available at: https://www.ncc.gov.ng Accessed 14th October 2019
[5] S. Neupane, U. Ali, A. Mathew
Text Neck Syndrome-Systematic Review
Imperial Journal sof Interdisciplinary Research 3,2017, pp.141-148
[6] A. Lepp, J. E. Barkley, A. C. Karpinski
The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students
Computers in Human Behavior 31,2014, pp.343-350
[7] J. Roberts, L. Yaya, C. Manolis
The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and cell phone addiction among male and female college students
Journal of behavioral addictions 3,2014, pp.254-265
[8] M. Bian, L. Leung
Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital
Social Science Computer Review 33,2015, 61-79
[9] J.E. Gold, J.B. Driban, V.R. Yingling, E. Komaroff
Characterization of posture and comfort in laptop users in non-desk settings
Applied ergonomics 43, 2012, 392-399
[10] S. Berolo, R.P.Wells, B. C. Amick III
Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population
Applied Ergonomics 42, 2011, pp.371-378
[11] J.W.Kwon, S.M.Son, N.K. Lee
Changes in upper-extremity muscle activities due to head position in subjects with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27, 2015, pp.1739-1742
[12] Z. Shan, G. Deng, J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao
Correlational analysis of neck/shoulder pain and low back pain with the use of digital products, physical activity, and psychological status among adolescents in Shanghai.
Plos one 8, 2013, pp.78-109
[13] Y. Xie, G. Szeto, J. Dai
Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal complaints among users of mobile handheld devices: A systematic review
Applied Ergonomics, 59, 2017, pp.132-142.
[14] A. Velayudhan, S. Srividya
Manual for Mobile Phone Addiction scale
Prasadpsycho Corporation 2012, New Delhi
[15] J. Park, J. Kim, K. Kim, N. Kim, I. Choi, S. Lee, J. Yim
The effects of heavy smartphone use on the cervical angle, the pain threshold of neck muscles, and depression
Advanced Science and Technology Letters 91,2015, pp.12-17
[16] S. I. Jung, N.K. Lee, K.W. Kang, K. Kim, Y.L. Do
The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function
Journal of physical therapy science 28,2016, pp.186-189
[17] A. K. Akodu, S.R. Akinbo, Q.O. Young
Correlation among smartphone addiction, craniovertebral angle, scapular dyskinesis, and selected anthropometric variables in physiotherapy undergraduates
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 13,2018, pp.528-534
[18] S. Haug, R. P. Castro, M. Kwon, A. Filler, T. Kowatsch, M.P. Schaub
Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland
Journal of behavioral addictions 4,2015, pp.299-307
[19] S. I. Chiu, F.Y. Hong, S.L. Chiu
An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction as well as Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan
Internet addiction and mobile phone addiction 20,2013, pp.1-10.