Maternal events that have perineal rupture in Indonesia in the age group 25-30 years are 24%, and at the age of 32-39 years are 62%. The incidence of perineal rupture is high, from a total of 1951 vaginal births, 57% experienced perineal rupture. The impact of the occurrence of perineal rupture is infection. One preventive effort is to reduce the incidence of infection in postpartum mothers by treating vulva. While Povidon Iodine used has side effects caused by irritation, toxic reactions from Iodine will cause irritation. The use of Iodine could change skin pigmentation into dark red. Herbal medicines commonly used in the society are plants that produce secondary metabolites. One of the plants that has flavonoids is basil leaves.
To analyze the effect of basil leaf extract spray as an antiseptic on the postpartum maternal perineal wound healing process.
Quasi Experiment with pre and post test design group control design. Accurate design time with the control group (control time series design), the inspection is carried out for 7 days. The total sample of 34 people was divided into 2 groups (17 control groups and 17 intervention groups).
The results of the analysis of spraying basil leaf extract on REEDA healing perineal wounds had a significant difference obtained p value = 0,000.
The administration of basil leaf extract spray affects to the healing of post partum maternal perineal wounds. It is expected that further research can examine the factors that can influence the process of perineal wound healing.
Keywords: Basil Leaf, Healing Perineal Wounds, Post Partum Mothers.
Maternal events that experience perineal rupture in Indonesia at the age group 25-30 years are 24%, and at the age of 32-39 years are 62%. This is reinforced by the results of a study from the Research and Development Center (Puslitbang) Bandung, which carried out research from 2009-2010 in several provinces in Indonesia, which found that one of five women who experience perineal rupture will die with a proportion of 21.74%[1].
The incidence of perineal rupture is high,from a total of 1951 vaginal births, 57% experienced perineal rupture, 28% episiotomy and 29% due to tears. The impact of the occurrence of perineal rupture in the mother like infection of perineal rupture.5 Another impact of perineal rupture for postpartum mothers is discomfort and pain. Of course this case disturb the mother's activities in taking care of herself and her baby. There is evidence of changes in quality of life experienced by mothers during the puerperium. Regularly a series of psychological and physical features such as physical limitations, weakness and pain. Although these symptoms are often considered as temporary or non-permanent, this is very closely related to the quality of life for postpartum mothers. The effect of the perineal wound after labor can cause the postpartum mother to feel uncomfortable especially in the perineal area as a result of ruptured perineal suture injuries[2].
During the midwifery period caring is more directed at prevention (prevention) towards the infection, because at the end of the second day postpartum germs can make contamination, but not all women experience infection due to the presence of leukocyte defense layers and relatively non-virulent germs and sufferers have immunity to infection. One preventive effort is to reduce the incidence of infection in postpartum mothers by treating vulva[2].
Indonesia is known as one of the seven countries with the greatest biodiversity and has the potential to develop herbal medicines in the health sector. Herbal medicines commonly used in the society are plants, which produce secondary metabolites. One of the secondary metabolites in plants is flavonoids, vitamin C, beta-carotene, billirubin, and albumin. Flavonoid compounds found in plants have natural antioxidant activities that can capture free radical molecules or as natural antioxidants. One of the plants that has flavonoids is basil leaves[3].
Maryati stated that the basil leaf oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has antibacterial activity towads the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia col at a minimum concentration of 0.5 and 0.25% v / v[4].
Based on the theory above, the inconvenience of perineal wounds and the occurrence of infection is increasing in perineal wounds experienced by postpartum mothers in order to innovation needs to be done so the postpartum maternal welfare can be maximized, the researcher is interested in conducting a study entitled The Use of Basil Leaf Materials to Heal Perineal Wounds in Post Partum Mothers (Case Study in the Work Area of Muna District Health Service)
To analyze the effect of basil leaf extract spray as an antiseptic on the postpartum maternal perineal wound healing process.
Quasi Experiment with pre and post test design group control design. Accurate design time with the control group (control time series design), the inspection is carried out for 7 days. The total sample of 34 people was divided into 2 groups (17 control groups and 17 intervention groups). The first group is basil leaf extract spray and the second group is control. Which met the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and the stastictical test used by Friedman, wilcoxon, mann whitney.
The collected data was then analyzed using Univariate and bivariate analysis techniques. Uniavariat analysis to calculate the mean and standar devisiation value intersection the caractheristic of responden. Bivariat analysis is used to the termine the differences between research variabel. The data are abnormanlly distributed so that isi used non parametric test. To test on the postpartum maternal perineal wound healing process used by friedman, wilcoxon, mannn whitney.
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| Age*<2121-25>25 | 5,9%29,4%64,7% | -23,5%76,5% |
| Education *SD-SMPSMAPerguruan Tinggi | 5,9%58,8%35,3% | 23,5%41,2%35,3% |
| Pendidikan*SD-SMPSMAPerguruan Tinggi | 5,9%58,8%35,3% | 23,5%41,2%35,3% |
| Work*Work Does not work | 29,4%70,6% | 35,3%64,7% |
| Paritas*PrimiparaMultipara | 70,6%29,4% | 76,5%23,5% |
Table 1 explains that the age characteristics of respondents in this study are in the range of 20-35 years. In the intervention group, the average age of respondents was grouped into three, namely age <21, 21-25, and> 25 years. The results of the frequency distribution of the intervention group had an age range <21 years as many as 1 person (5.9%), 21-25 years as many as 5 people (29.4%),> 25 years as many as 11 people (64.7%). While the control group has an age range of 21-25 years as many as 4 people (23.5%), age> 25 as many as 13 people (76.5%)
| Group | Physiological | |||||||
| REEDA 1 | REEDA 2 | REEDA 3 | REEDA 4 | REEDA 5 | REEDA 6 | REEDA 7 | Asymp. Sig | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Intervention | 14,35 ± 0,606 | 11,53 ± 1,007 | 9,06 ± 0,899 | 6,12 ± 1,867 | 3,06 ± 1,749 | 0,76 ± 1,147 | 0,12 ± 0,332 | 0,000 |
| Control | 14,47 ± 0,514 | 12,88 ± 1,219 | 11,12 ± 1,453 | 8,76 ± 1,393 | 6,29 ± 1,724 | 3,82 ± 1,811 | 2,47 ± 1,736 | 0,000 |
Table 2 explains that REEDA healing in perineal wounds in post partum mothers on the first day until the seventh day of the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group had a difference in REEDA values in significant perineal wounds in the seven observation periods. The Significant results of 0,000 (p.value <α) cause Ha to be accepted as the result of the research hypothesis. The control group got a significant result of 0,000 (p-value <α) on the difference in REEDA differences in significant perineal wounds in the seven observation periods.
Based on the graph above shows that on the first day to the seventh day there are differences in the mean value between the intervention group and the control group. It shows that the use of basil leaf extract spray is better than the use of povidone iodine.
The treatment of perineal wounds using a spray of basil leaf extract is better. Extra spray of basil leaves has a lot of bioactive substances, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, eugenols, vitamins, zinc, and beta-carotene which may help speed up the healing process of perineal wounds. Basil leaf extract spray is very appropriate to be used as an alternative antiseptic in postpartum maternal perineal wound care.
The content of flavonoids, tannins, saponins can help the wound healing process because its function as an anti-inflammatory, anti-bleeding, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent that can affect the wound connection process5. The antibacterial mechanism of eugenol is related to interactions on cell membranes, this causes a change in the permeability of the cell wall and results in potassium ion leakage[6].
Ideally the wound healing process requires nutrition as a basis for cell formation. For example, vitamin A is needed to help the process of epithelial or wound closure and synthesis of collagen, vitamin B complex as a cofactor in enzyme systems that regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, besides vitamin C also functions in fibroblast formation, and prevents infection, as well as forming blood capillaries, and vitamin K which helps the synthesis of prothrombin and functions as a blood clotting agent7. Vitamin C in basil leaves can increase resistance to infection, maintain mucous membranes and accelerate the process of wound healing[6].
The administration of basil leaf extract spray affects the healing of postpartum maternal perineal wounds.
It is expected that further research can examine the factors that can influence the process of perineal wound healing.
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