Based on the material of origin, Ayurvedic medicines are divided into three classes, namely herbal, mineral and animal. Among this, herbal formulation has gained great importance and rising global attention recently. Ayurveda has about 700 type of plants listed in its medicinal systems. The use of such herbals is mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic literature such as Chakara Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. The discovery of herbals is further complemented with knowledge on the method of isolation, purification, characterization of active ingredients and type of preparation. The term "herbal drug" determines the part/parts of a plant (leaves, flowers, seeds roots, barks, stems and etc.) used for preparing medicines[1]

.Allopathic drugs used for the treatment of diabetes have their own side effect & adverse effect like hypoglycaemia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia, flatulence, diarrhea or constipation, alcohol flush, headache, weight gain, lactic acidosis, pernicious anemia, dyspepsia, dizziness, joint pain. So instead of allopathic drugs, herbal drugs are a great choice which is having more or less no side effect & adverse effects[2].

The roots are used as antipyretic, dyspepsia, bronchitis, piles, inflammation, externally for rheumatism, nervous diseases.Juice of leaves given in otitis and paste as febrifuge.It contains β-sistosteral, γ-sistosterol, resins, tannins, alkyl perulate, glycosides, sistosterol D glucosides and terpenoids.[3, 4]

As there is no scientific data on vandatesselata, here in the present study plant was takenfor macroscopical, microscopical,phytochemical studies and quantitativeevaluations were also carried out. Inmicroscopical studies, anatomical sections,powder drug analysis and maceration of plant were carried out. In quantitative evaluations,moisture content, alcohol soluble extractive value, water soluble extractive value, total ashvalue and acid insoluble ash values were carried out for crude dried powdered drug.

The fig.1 shows Macroscopical characters of vanda tessellate.plant was in yellowish brown colour.smooth on abaxial side.an ephiphytic perennial, stem 30-60 cm long, stout, scandent by the stout, simple or branching aerial roots. Leaves succulent, 15-20 cm long, linear, recurved, complicate.flowers in 6-10 flowered racemes, reaching with the peduncle 15-25 cm long. Sepals yellow, tessellated with brown lines and with white margins. Petals yellow with brown lines and white margins, shorter than the sepals capsules 7.5-9cm long, narrowly clavate oblong.

In fig (1) shows the anatomy of the leaf, it shows the midrilein the form of v shaped outline. The mid part of the leaf in 1mm thick and exbeam margine is 350/nm with vascular strands located along the medium part of the leaf.thick undulate cuticle of 10/nm thick.in fig (2) shows the presence of vascular bundles of the midrile, cuticle epidermis, ground parenchyma, phloem, thick layer of sclerenchyma cells which care thick walled and liquefied.in fig (3) shows the transver section of the middle part of the lamina of large or small. Cells being very thick walled. Fig (4) shows the presence of calcium oxalate crystals of raphides are frequently seen in the mesophyll tissue. Ghyraphides cylindrical bendles comprising several mthuipointedneadles. Theraphido ladle is 30/nm thick and 120/nm long.fig (5) shows the TS of the root. This root measuring 1.9mm thickwith outer cylinder of velamentissue, inner cortical tissue and central stellar cylinder. Fig (6) shows the presence of velamen is multiple epidermis and the cells are radially elongated, this walled cells which are capable of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. The velamen tissue is 250-350nm thick. Fig (7) TS of thick root stele and cortex enlarged,& endodermis, vascular cylinder, pith. Fig (8) sows the vascular cylinder is circular and closed lay a week layer of endodermis these are squarish, thick walled and liquefied. The passage cells are cells for transverse conduction of water with phloem, xylem, pith.

Quantitative evaluation results were reported in table.1. The alcohol and water extractive value was found to be 5.7% and 3.1% respectively. Since the alcohol extractive value was greater than that of water, it means that alcohol is a suitable extractive solvent than water in the extraction of the plant. The alcohol and water soluble extractives were indicators of the total solvent soluble component9.

The total ash value is 6.04%, acid insoluble ash 1.01%, sulphated ash 1.0%, water soluble ash 2.0%. Qualitative evaluation results were reported in table no.2.shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids& carbohydrates.

Table 1: Showing results for ash values of whole plant of vanda tessellate( roxb )hook

Showing extractive values of whole plant of vanda tessellate (roxb) hook

Qualitative phytochemical analysis of whole plant powder of vanda tessellate (roxb) hook

(+): positive (-): negative