Football is a challenging, demanding and high performance sports. The Football game is played from the school level, college level to professional level. The main aspect of stretching is the sensory adaption which can be achieved only when the muscle is stretched for atleast 2 – weeks. The cause for sensory adapation is the sensitization of mechanoreceptors. The stretching of rectus femoris muscle by the method of evjenth and hamberg is widely used, which is the advanced for sensory adapation to take place. In the study, the investigator used EVJENTH and Hamberg Stretching procedure in football player to know the amount of sensory Adaptation taking place in the muscle after a 2 week stretching regimen. Stretching Regimen applied to rectus femoris muscle by Evjenth and Hamburg method is the most significant and advanced method to make the Muscle to be sensory adapted. The period of 2 week is an optimal duration in which the sensory Adaptation takes place. The football players have an advantage to exhibit their skill more easily by the enhanced effect of sensory adaptation. Employing this method in their collegiate and advanced level the players Can lead to increase performance..
Football is a challenging, demanding and high performance sports. The Football game is played from the school level, college level to professional level. It is also played as recreational sport in our day to day life.
In the game itself the players need to perform activities which are required with maximum effort and high performance. The players need to Understand their role, their warm-up schedule and also effect of injuries that Can cause to them.
Streching is a main warm-up procedure which is used for flexibility training, reduce tenderness, prevent injuries and also improve his skills.
(gleam GW 1997)
The main aspect of stretching is the sensory adaption which can be achieved only when the muscle is stretched for atleast 2 – weeks. The cause for sensory adapation is the sensitization of mechanoreceptors.
The stretching of rectus femoris muscle by the method of evjenth and hamberg is widely used, which is the advanced for sensory adapation to take place.
In the study, the investigator used EVJENTH and HAMBERG Stretching procedure in football player to know the amount of sensory Adaptation taking place in the muscle after a 2 week stretching regimen.
This study is to know effect of sensory adapation after a 2 – week Stretching regimen of rectus femories muscle.
Muscle stretching exercises are commonly applied as flexibility training In sports activities. The football player stretching is recommended as a self administered Way to prevent (or) alleviate discomfort caused by different movements.
The mechanism behind stretching is reduction of passive stiffness of the Muscle tendon unit, this was showed in the research by madding et al end Toft et al. The rectus femoris muscle itself is more susceptible to tightness and Is often subjected to stretch exercises for sports activities, in particular Football.
To elucxidate the mechanism of the effevts of muscle stretching.
To present data for sensory adaptation after 2 – weeks.
Stretching Regimen for Rectus femoris muscle by evjnth and Hamberg For (2 weeks) was by
A 3 minute warm up jogging
10 squats
Stretching the rectus femotis muscle according to evjenth and Hamberg.
20 seconds ofstretching
2 to 3 second of relaxation
Again 20 second of stretching without returning to standing.
Study was limited to male recreational football players @ college level
The study period was limited to 2 weeks.
Sports like football require fitness, skill, performance at maximum to Make the player to perform up to the demands of the game.
Rectus femories muscle is important for sports activities like football as It is more prone to injuries.
Rectus femories musclue, which is a two joint muscle is susceptible to Tightness.
Shotening of rectus famous muscle in most cases, apparently Congenital, lead to changes in gait pattern and restriction of knee range of Motion.
The rectus femories muscle and its, Connective tissues tighten up earlier In the position performed by Hambergc J and Bjorkl and, which gives maximum Stretch at the end point of motion, also for those who are not so stiff.
Stretching is most commonly used for flexibility training is most sports Like football.
Stretching reduces tenderness, tension and enhances rom.
The stretch was belived to yield on adaptive (or) a sensory effect rather Than decrease in passive tension.
Nocieptive nerve endings in joint an muscle are possible, Structures For increase in stretch tolerance. The tissue properties remained unchanged Where as the stretch tolerance was evident after a 2 week Stretching regimen.
Mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor shower reduced firing after single Stretch maneuvers.
Any structure in skeletal muscle can be potentially sensitized,may evolve To a trigger point. This trigger oint in the muscle is a common pathway of Pathogenesis of muscle pain from different causes.
Myofascial trigger point sensitivity decreases in response to passive Stretching.
Mechanics of sensory adaptation after stretch is by high threshold Mechanoreceptor which are being sensitized.
Grading the stretch sensation by category scale from the anterior aspect Of thigh is an subjective grading.
An experimental study design was chosen to determine the effects of Sensory adaptation after a 2 week stretching regimen of Rectus femoris muscle In recreational football players.
This study was conducted with football players, who were students in Saveetha Dental College and General Hospitals Chennai. There reading were Taken in a private setup room.
The sampling technique used was random sampling. Totally 40 subjects Were selected for this entire study and were assessed before stretching and After stretching.
Male football players of 40 in number were taken. They should have Taken part atleast in the inter college level competitions. They should not have any injuries in hip, thigh and knee.The players should not have undergone any surgeries.
The investigators personally met the subjects and explained the Program, objectives and significance of the study. Prior consent of all subjects were taken after explaining them the Objectives and the program of the study.
Evaluation of subjects were done based on the questionnaire attached In the Appendix – A.
A warm up was mandatory before all the parameters were evaluated.
A Questionnaire to obtain information on the stretching, ROM reading Are attached in the Appendix – A.
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| 0 | Nothing at all |
| 0.5 | Extremely weak (Just noticeable) |
| 1 | Very Weak |
| 2 | Weak (light) |
| 3 | Moderate |
| 4 | Somewhat Strong |
| 5 | Strong (Heavy) |
The therapist placed the goniometer and measured the knee ROM while
The subject was placed in prone lying with one leg on the ground and the other Leg being flexed. This method is according to Evjenth and Hamburg.
The subject was asked to say when stretch sensation in anterior Aspect of thigh was strong (at 5 on the category scale). This procedure is Repeated 3 time with the same leg for an average.
3 minute warm-up jogging
10 squats
Stretching of rectus femoris muscle by Evjenth and Hamburg
20 seconds of stretching.
2 to 3 seconds of relaxation
Again 20 seconds of stretching without returning to standing position.
The collection data were tabulated and analysed using pre-test and post Test statistics.
To assess all the parameters (such as RT ROM before and after Stretching, lt ROM before and after stretching) mean, SD were used.
Correlation coefficient was used to find out the relation between pre- Stretching and after stretching regimen.
To find out the significant changes before and after stretching paired ‘t’ Text was used.
To compare changes in Borg scale values, Student ‘t’ test value was used.
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| Rt | 136.12 | 1.99 | 136.20 | 1.99 | 0.991 | 1.777 | P > 0.05 N.S. |
Table 1 shows that the mean and SD are initially (136.12, 1.99). this is Same when compared after 2 weeks progamme. (136.20, 1.99)
This table implies that there is no significant changes after end of 2 Weeks. P < 0.05.
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| Rt | 136.07 | 1.97 | 136.15 | 1.96 | 0.984 | 1.355 | P > 0.05 |
Table 2 : shows that the mean and SD are initially (136.07, 1.97). this is Same when compared after 2 weeks progamme. (136.15, 1.96)
This table implies that there is no significant changes after end of 2 Weeks. P < 0.05.
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| Borg | 5.00 | 0.0 | 2.27 | 0.45 | 38.993 | P > 0.001 S.S. |
Table 3 shows the mean, P value. There is a change when compared after 2 weeks of stretching Regimen (22.27 – 0.45)
In this study showed a decreased stretch sensation to stretching for Retus femoris afyter a 2 week stretching Regimen.
The mechanic explanation for this sensory adapation (ie. The receptors Were belived to be nociceptive nerve endings in joint and muscle) according To Maguson.
Other proposed, mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor that showed Reduced firing after single stretch maneuvers.
No increasing in range of motion was found in this study (P<0.05) for right and (p<0.05) for left.
This can be interpreted to mean that passive stiffness of the muscle was Unaffected by the stretch regimen (Evjenth and Hamberg). Changes in muscle Stiffness would have occurred if a more intense protocol was used.
The subjective grading of stretch sensation in borg scale before Stretching and after stretching showed a significance of P<0.001.
From this study, it is concluded that : Stretching Regimen applied to rectus femoris muscle by Evjenth and
Hamburg method is the most significant and advanced method to make the Muscle to be sensory adapted.
The period of 2 week is an optimal duration in which the sensory Adaptation takes place.
The football players have an advantage to exhibit their skill more easily By the enhanced effect of sensory adaptation.
Employing this method in their collegiate and advanced level the players Can lead to increase performance.
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